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Thermography: High sensitivity and specificity diagnosing contact dermatitis in patch testing.

Florian Anzengruber1, Fayez Alotaibi1, Lilian S Kaufmann1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|January 2, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infrared thermography reliably distinguishes allergic contact dermatitis from irritant reactions. This non-contact method measures temperature changes in patch tests, aiding accurate diagnosis and management of skin conditions.

Keywords:
Allergic contact dermatitisContact allergyInfraredIrritant contact dermatitisPatch testing

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Allergology

Background:

  • Patch testing is crucial for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD).
  • Differentiating between allergic and irritant reactions is key for effective patient management.
  • A novel non-contact infrared reading method for patch tests was evaluated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the efficacy of non-contact infrared thermography in distinguishing allergic from irritant patch test reactions.
  • To explore the correlation between patch test reaction intensity and temperature change.

Main Methods:

  • Infrared thermal images of 420 positive patch test reactions were acquired using a FLIR camera and iPhone app.
  • An independent reader classified reactions as allergic (+ to +++) or irritant (IR).
  • Temperature changes in allergic and irritant reactions were analyzed and compared.

Main Results:

  • Allergic reactions showed a significant temperature increase (0.72 ± 0.67 °C) compared to surrounding skin.
  • Irritant reactions exhibited a smaller temperature increase (0.17 ± 0.31 °C).
  • The mean temperature difference between allergic and irritant reactions was statistically significant (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Non-contact infrared thermography is a reliable tool for differentiating allergic and irritant contact dermatitis.
  • Temperature changes detected by thermography can predict the type of contact dermatitis.
  • This method offers a promising, objective approach to patch test evaluation.