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Disseminated Pyomyositis Due to Burkholderia cepacia: A Case Report

Sai Saran1, Vijay Sundar Singh1, Sagarika Panda1

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
|January 2, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Pyomyositis, a muscle infection, is typically bacterial. This case highlights a rare Gram-negative cause, Burkholderia cepacia, in a non-immunocompromised patient, leading to disseminated infection and hemophagocytic syndrome.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Pyomyositis is a skeletal muscle infection, predominantly tropical, characterized by fever and limb pain, usually caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
  • Gram-negative bacterial pyomyositis is rare, with Burkholderia cepacia, an opportunistic pathogen, implicated only once previously.

Observation:

  • A case of pyomyositis caused by Burkholderia cepacia in a patient without prior immunocompromised status is presented.
  • The patient presented with a disseminated infection and hemophagocytic syndrome, requiring intensive care unit admission.

Findings:

  • Burkholderia cepacia, a Gram-negative nonfermenter, can cause pyomyositis even in immunocompetent individuals.
  • Disseminated infection with hemophagocytic syndrome is a potential manifestation of B. cepacia pyomyositis.

Implications:

  • This case expands the known spectrum of B. cepacia infections, particularly in pyomyositis.
  • It underscores the importance of considering unusual pathogens in severe infections, especially in critical care settings.
  • Highlights the need for vigilance regarding B. cepacia in non-traditional patient populations and infection types.
Keywords:
Burkholderia cepaciadisseminated infectionpyomyositis

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