Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026
08:31
Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Published on: October 17, 2025
690
Association between Hand Digit Ratio (2D : 4D) and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Verônica O Dias1,2, Maria L Santos2, Patrícia Helena C Mendes2
1Health Science Program, State University of Montes Claros, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Disease Markers
|January 2, 2019
Summary
The 2D:4D digit ratio, a marker for prenatal hormone exposure, was not significantly different in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to controls. This suggests similar prenatal hormone activity between groups.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
- Human Biology
Background:
- Digit ratio (2D:4D) is a proposed biomarker for prenatal hormone exposure.
- Previous studies have linked digit ratio to various cancer types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the potential correlation between 2D:4D ratios and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 43 ALL patients and 86 controls from Brazil.
- Finger lengths measured using a digital vernier caliper.
- Statistical analysis using Student's t-test.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in mean 2D:4D ratios were observed between ALL patients and controls.
- This finding held true for both hands and across gender distributions.
Conclusions:
- Patients with ALL do not exhibit distinct digit patterns compared to unaffected individuals.
- Prenatal sex hormone exposure appears similar between ALL patients and controls.
Related Concept Videos
01:23Hand hygiene
6.0K
Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing...
Hand washing...
6.0K
01:23Poisson's Ratio
1.1K
Poisson's ratio is a material property that indicates their stress response. It explains the connection between the elongation or compression a material undergoes in the direction of an applied force and the contraction or expansion it experiences perpendicular to that force. When a slender bar is loaded axially, it stretches in the direction of the force and contracts laterally. Poisson's ratio is the negative ratio of this lateral contraction to the axial elongation. The negative sign...
1.1K
01:09Odds Ratio
1.9K
The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
1.9K
01:12Hazard Ratio
602
The hazard ratio (HR) is a widely used measure in clinical trials to compare the risk of events, such as death or disease recurrence, between two groups over time. It reflects the ratio of hazard rates—the instantaneous risk of the event occurring—between a treatment group and a control group. This measure provides valuable insights into the relative effectiveness of a treatment by assessing how the risk of an event differs between the two groups.
For example, in a clinical trial...
For example, in a clinical trial...
602
01:21Association Areas of the Cortex
9.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
9.4K
01:27Associative Learning
1.3K
Associative learning is a fundamental concept in behavioral psychology, wherein a connection is established between two stimuli or events, leading to a learned response. This process is critical in understanding how behaviors are acquired and modified. Conditioning, the mechanism through which associations are formed, can be divided into two main types: classical conditioning and operant conditioning, each elucidating different aspects of associative learning.
Classical conditioning, also known...
Classical conditioning, also known...
1.3K