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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

In vivo Imaging of Deep Cortical Layers using a Microprism

In vivo Imaging of Deep Cortical Layers using a Microprism

Published on: August 27, 2009

Meningeal Bmps Regulate Cortical Layer Formation.

Youngshik Choe^1,2, Samuel J Pleasure^1,3,4,5

¹Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Brain Plasticity (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

|January 2, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling guides cortical neuron migration via cofilin-1. This process is crucial for forming distinct cortical layers and proper neuronal connectivity.

Keywords:

Meninges bone morphogenetic protein cofilin cortical layer neuronal migration

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Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Published on: May 19, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Cell Biology

Background:

Neuronal connectivity in the cerebral cortex depends on precise laminar positioning of neurons.
Leading process behavior during neuronal migration is critical for establishing correct cortical layers.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of pial bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) signaling in regulating cortical neuronal migration.
To elucidate the downstream molecular mechanisms, specifically the involvement of cofilin-1, in Bmp-mediated neuronal positioning.

Main Methods:

Disruption of pial Bmp ligands and cell-autonomous inhibition of Smad4 in cortical cells.
Analysis of leading process morphology and cofilin-1 phosphorylation status in mutant neurons.
Ectopic expression of cofilin-1 variants in wild-type and mutant neurons to assess functional rescue.

Main Results:

Disruption of pial Bmp signaling or Smad4 impaired deep layer neuron positioning and blurred cortical layers.
Smad4 mutant neurons exhibited abnormal leading processes and increased dephosphorylated cofilin-1.
Altering cofilin-1 phosphorylation status mimicked or rescued neuronal migration defects, implicating it as a key mediator.

Conclusions:

Pial Bmp signaling is essential for regulating cortical neuronal migration and layer formation.
Cofilin-1 acts downstream of Bmp signaling, mediating its effects on neuronal migration through regulation of actin dynamics.
This study identifies a novel signaling pathway involving Bmp and cofilin-1 in the precise positioning of cortical neurons.