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High optical power in gravitational wave detectors causes radiation pressure effects, altering test mass dynamics and control systems. This can lead to new instabilities, impacting future detector designs.

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Area of Science:

  • Gravitational wave detection
  • Optics
  • Mechanical resonators

Background:

  • Advanced gravitational wave detectors utilize optical resonant cavities with suspended test masses to enhance sensitivity.
  • These cavities store high optical power, leading to significant radiation pressure effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of radiation pressure on the dynamics of test masses and their control systems in optical resonant cavities.
  • To experimentally verify the predicted radiation pressure effects and their influence on system stability.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental setup with a 74 m suspended cavity and a few kilowatts of circulating power.
  • Analysis of the transfer function of local control systems and observation of cavity soft and hard modes.
  • Comparison of experimental results with simulations.

Main Results:

  • Radiation pressure couples the dynamics of nearly free masses, creating a coupled mechanical resonator system.
  • A new type of angular instability was observed at a significantly lower power threshold than previously known instabilities.
  • Optimizing the local angular control system increased the instability threshold power from 4 kW to 29 kW.

Conclusions:

  • Radiation pressure acts as optical feedback, potentially destabilizing mirror control systems in high-power optical cavities.
  • The observed phenomenon is consistent with simulations and affects the performance of current and future gravitational wave detectors.
  • Understanding and mitigating radiation pressure effects is crucial for the design of next-generation gravitational wave observatories.