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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Continuous Charge Distributions

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Imagine a bucket of water. It contains many molecules, of the order of 1026 molecules. Thus, although it contains discrete elements (molecules) at the microscopic level, macroscopically, it can be considered continuous. Small volume elements of water, infinitesimal compared to the bulk of the bucket's volume, still contain many molecules. Under this framework, quantized matter is approximated as continuous for practical purposes.
The electric charge can also be subjected to an analogical...
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Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

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In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
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Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
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Titration of a Polyprotic Acid02:08

Titration of a Polyprotic Acid

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A polyprotic acid contains more than one ionizable hydrogen and undergoes a stepwise ionization process.  If the acid dissociation constants of the ionizable protons differ sufficiently from each other, then the titration curve for such polyprotic acid generates a distinct equivalence point for each of its ionizable hydrogens. Therefore, titration of a diprotic acid results in the formation of two equivalence points, whereas the titration of a triprotic acid results in the formation of three...
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Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

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A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
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Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration: A “Green” Method for the Size Selection and Concentration of Colloidal Silver Nanoparticles
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Jellium and cell model for titratable colloids with continuous size distribution.

Guillaume Bareigts1, Christophe Labbez1

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Understanding colloidal interactions in concentrated suspensions is key. This study introduces new methods to model these interactions, even with varying colloid sizes and charges, improving thermodynamic property predictions.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Accurate modeling of colloidal suspensions requires understanding colloidal interactions.
  • Density dependence of effective pair potentials complicates modeling in concentrated suspensions with titratable surface charges.
  • Colloid size distributions and charge regulation further challenge precise determination of interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and implement novel algorithms for modeling colloidal interactions in polydisperse suspensions.
  • To generalize existing models (cell and renormalized jellium) for suspensions with arbitrary size distributions and charge regulation.
  • To validate the developed models against experimental data from commercial silica dispersions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of two new computational methods inspired by Torres et al. (2008).
  • Generalization of cell and renormalized jellium models to handle polydispersity and charge regulation (one-pK-Stern model).
  • Implementation of algorithms in the Nim programming language.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of algorithms capable of handling arbitrary size distributions in colloidal suspensions.
  • Calculation of renormalized Yukawa parameters (effective charges and screening lengths).
  • Comparison of model predictions with equations of state for commercial silica dispersions.

Conclusions:

  • The developed methods provide a robust framework for modeling colloidal interactions in complex, polydisperse systems.
  • The study highlights the significance of size and charge polydispersity in determining suspension properties.
  • The validity and importance of the generalized cell and renormalized jellium models are discussed.