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Related Concept Videos

Inertia Tensor01:24

Inertia Tensor

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The concept of the inertia tensor is employed to depict the mass distribution and rotational inertia of a solid or rigid object. This tensor is expressed through a three-by-three matrix. Each component within this matrix corresponds to varying moments of inertia about specific axes.
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Diffusion01:12

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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The psychodynamic perspective in psychology asserts that most personality functions operate unconsciously, outside of awareness. This means that the motives and emotions driving behavior often remain hidden, automatically buried in the unconscious mind as a defense mechanism to shield us from psychological distress. According to this theory, the unconscious mind contains thoughts, memories, and emotions that are too disturbing to face directly.
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Social cognitive perspectives on personality emphasize the importance of conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals in shaping behavior. These perspectives incorporate behaviorist principles, such as learning through reinforcement and conditioning, but extend beyond them by highlighting human reasoning and planning. Unlike traditional behaviorist views, social cognitive theory focuses on how individuals reflect on their past experiences and plan for future outcomes by considering...
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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging
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Characterization of prostate cancer using diffusion tensor imaging: A new perspective.

Neda Gholizadeh1, Peter B Greer2, John Simpson2

  • 1School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.

European Journal of Radiology
|January 3, 2019
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Quantitative magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows potential for detecting and characterizing prostate cancer. Novel DTI parameters, including fiber tract density, aid in assessing high-grade tumors.

Keywords:
CancerDiffusing tensor imagingProstateQuantitative parameters

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Area of Science:

  • Radiology and Imaging
  • Oncology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Prostate cancer detection and characterization remain critical in oncology.
  • Accurate assessment of high-grade prostate cancer is essential for effective treatment planning.
  • Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) offers advanced insights into tissue microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate quantitative magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography parameters for detecting and characterizing peripheral zone prostate cancer.
  • To specifically assess the role of fiber tract density in prostate cancer.
  • To correlate DTI findings with histological Gleason scores.

Main Methods:

  • DTI was acquired from eleven patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer (Gleason score ≥ 7).
  • Twenty DTI parameters were quantified, alongside fiber tract density, in cancerous and healthy prostate tissues.
  • Support vector machines and ROC analysis were used to assess diagnostic performance; Spearman correlation analyzed DTI parameters against Gleason scores.

Main Results:

  • Eighteen DTI parameters showed significant differences between cancer and healthy tissues (p < 0.05).
  • Combined DTI parameters demonstrated high diagnostic performance (AUC 0.988), outperforming FA+MD alone (AUC 0.935).
  • Fiber tract density was significantly higher in cancer tissues (+38.22%, p=0.010); linear and relative anisotropy correlated strongly with Gleason score (r ≈ 0.66, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • DTI provides potential imaging biomarkers for prostate cancer detection and characterization.
  • Novel quantitative DTI parameters, including fiber tract density, support its use in assessing high-grade prostate cancer.
  • DTI tractography offers valuable insights into the microstructural changes associated with prostate cancer.