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Proteoglycans isolated from the bramble shark cartilage show potential anti-osteoarthritic properties

Kizhakkeppurath Kumaran Ajeeshkumar1, Kalladath Venugopal Vishnu1, Raju Navaneethan1

  • 1Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Inflammopharmacology
|January 3, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Proteoglycans (PGs) from bramble shark cartilage show promise in treating osteoarthritis (OA) by reducing inflammation and preserving cartilage. Further clinical trials are recommended for this potential OA therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by articular cartilage destruction, leading to joint pain, inflammation, and disability.
  • Current medications offer limited effects on OA disease progression, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Loss of proteoglycans (PGs) is a key factor in OA-related cartilage damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the oral efficacy of proteoglycans (PGs) isolated from bramble shark cartilage in an animal model of osteoarthritis (OA).
  • To evaluate the dose-dependent effects of PGs on OA-related pathological changes and inflammatory markers.

Main Methods:

  • Purification and mass spectrum analysis of PGs from bramble shark cartilage, identifying unique peptides.
  • Administration of four dosages of PGs (25-200 mg/kg) to an OA animal model, with indomethacin as a control.
  • Assessment of therapeutic effects through analysis of C-reactive protein, uric acid, histopathology, X-ray imaging, inflammatory modulators, and antioxidant enzyme activities.

Main Results:

  • PG treatment significantly reduced C-reactive protein and uric acid levels in OA rats.
  • Histopathology revealed reduced cartilage erosion and neovascularization, while X-ray imaging showed increased bone density with higher PG dosages.
  • PGs modulated inflammatory modulators (TNF-α, IL-1β, MMP13, NOS2, IL-10, COX-2) and maintained antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, catalase, GSH) in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusions:

  • Proteoglycans (PGs) from bramble shark cartilage demonstrate significant anti-osteoarthritic properties in an animal model.
  • PGs effectively reduce inflammation, preserve cartilage integrity, and enhance bone density.
  • These preliminary findings support further evaluation of PGs in randomized clinical trials for osteoarthritis treatment.
Keywords:
InflammationOsteoarthritisOxidative stressProteoglycans

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