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U.S. Nurse Practitioner Beliefs About Routine HIV Screening: Predicting Behaviors
The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANAC
|January 3, 2019
Summary
Nurse practitioners' (NPs) beliefs influence HIV screening. Staff support for HIV screening promotes it, while requiring parental consent for minors hinders it. Social norms are key drivers for NPs performing HIV tests.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Nursing Practice
- Health Behavior Theory
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection is preventable.
- Routine HIV screening is an effective prevention intervention.
- Nurse practitioners (NPs) play a crucial role in HIV screening within healthcare settings.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the beliefs of NPs regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) screening.
- To identify attitudinal, social normative, and behavioral control beliefs predicting self-reported HIV screening behaviors among NPs.
- To understand the influence of the Theory of Planned Behavior on NP HIV screening practices.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 141 Nurse Practitioners (NPs).
- Data were collected using paper and pencil questionnaires.
- The Theory of Planned Behavior framework guided the investigation of predictive beliefs.
Main Results:
- Belief in office staff support for routine HIV screening positively predicted screening behavior.
- Beliefs requiring parental/guardian consent for screening individuals under 18 predicted decreased screening.
- Social normative expectations were identified as the most influential factor in predicting NPs' routine HIV screening behaviors.
Conclusions:
- Nurse practitioners' (NPs) beliefs significantly impact their HIV screening practices.
- Organizational and social factors, such as staff support and perceived social norms, are critical for promoting routine HIV screening.
- Policy and practice adjustments regarding consent for minors may be necessary to optimize HIV screening rates among adolescents.
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