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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Happiness and Health.

Andrew Steptoe1

  • 1Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;

Annual Review of Public Health
|January 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Research suggests happiness may influence health outcomes, potentially reducing disease risk and mortality. Further investigation is needed to confirm these links and explore effective interventions for public health.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology and Medicine
  • Public Health Research

Background:

  • The link between happiness and health is an emerging research area.
  • Impaired happiness may contribute to disease risk, not just be a consequence of illness.
  • Happiness includes affective, eudaimonic, and evaluative well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the relationship between happiness and health outcomes.
  • To review evidence on happiness associations with mortality, morbidity, and disease prognosis.
  • To identify potential biological and lifestyle mechanisms linking happiness and health.

Main Methods:

  • Review of prospective observational studies.
  • Analysis of associations with mortality, morbidity, and disease prognosis.
  • Examination of potential lifestyle and biological pathways.
Keywords:
morbiditymortalitypositive affectsubjective well-being

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Main Results:

  • General association between happiness and reduced mortality, with some conflicting results.
  • Identified associations between happiness and morbidity for specific conditions.
  • Potential mechanisms include lifestyle factors and biological pathways (neuroendocrine, inflammatory, metabolic).

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between happiness and health is complex, with confounding and reverse causation as concerns.
  • Current interventions have not shown significant sustained improvements in well-being or health outcomes.
  • The field holds promise for improving population health through a better understanding of happiness's impact.