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Ischemic Preconditioning, O2 Kinetics, and Performance in Normoxia and Hypoxia
Chad C Wiggins1,2, Keren Constantini1, Hunter L Paris1
1Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN.
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
|January 3, 2019
Summary
Ischemic preconditioning improves cycling performance in normal conditions but not in hypoxia. While it enhances oxygen extraction in hypoxia, this benefit does not translate to improved time trial performance.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Human Performance
Background:
- Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) is a novel method to enhance exercise performance in normoxia (NORM).
- Limited research exists on IPC's mechanisms and effects during exercise in hypoxia (HYP).
- Oxygen uptake and extraction kinetics are key determinants of cycling performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if IPC improves oxygen extraction and blood flow kinetics.
- To determine if IPC enhances cycling time trial (TT) performance in both NORM and HYP.
Main Methods:
- Thirteen male cyclists completed 5-km TTs under normobaric HYP (FiO2 = 0.16) or NORM (FiO2 = 0.21) conditions.
- Participants underwent either an IPC protocol or a SHAM procedure before exercise.
- Exercise included submaximal bouts and a 5-km cycling TT.
Main Results:
- IPC significantly improved 5-km TT performance by 0.9% in NORM compared to SHAM (P < 0.05).
- IPC did not significantly alter 5-km TT performance in HYP (P = 0.231).
- IPC improved tissue oxygen extraction in HYP during moderate-intensity exercise (P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
- IPC is an effective ergogenic aid for 5-km cycling TTs in NORM.
- IPC mitigates declines in tissue oxygen during moderate exercise in HYP, but this does not improve overall TT performance.
- IPC may benefit athletes training and competing in normoxic conditions.
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