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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Baculovirus Per Os Infectivity Factor Complex: Components and Assembly.

Xi Wang1,2, Yu Shang1, Cheng Chen1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.

Journal of Virology
|January 4, 2019
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Summary

This study reveals the complete nine-protein composition of the baculovirus per os infectivity factor (PIF) complex, crucial for insect infection. The core complex is revised to 230 kDa (PIF1-3), assembled in the cytoplasm, and essential for viral entry.

Keywords:
PIF complexPIF9baculovirusentryper os infectivity factor

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Insect Pathology

Background:

  • Baculovirus infection of insects relies on the per os infectivity factor (PIF) complex on occlusion-derived virions (ODVs).
  • The precise composition and assembly of the PIF complex were previously not fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the complete protein composition of the PIF complex.
  • To investigate the assembly process and identify the core components of the PIF complex.
  • To understand the functional significance of PIF complex assembly for baculovirus oral infection.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and Western blotting.
  • Employed synthetic baculovirus technology to individually knock out each PIF gene in Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV).
  • Analyzed PIF complex formation in cellular fractions and its resistance to proteolytic degradation.

Main Results:

  • Identified nine PIF proteins in the PIF complex, including a newly discovered PIF9, with a total molecular mass of approximately 500 kDa.
  • Established a revised core complex of approximately 230 kDa, comprising PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3, challenging prior models.
  • Demonstrated that PIF complex assembly initiates in the cytoplasm before nuclear transport and ODV envelope incorporation, with only the complete complex exhibiting proteolytic resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The PIF complex consists of nine proteins, with a PIF1-3 core, and is assembled cytoplasmically prior to ODV envelope incorporation.
  • Correct assembly of the full PIF complex is essential for baculovirus survival in the insect midgut.
  • These findings provide a foundational understanding for future research into baculovirus ODV entry mechanisms.