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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

Anatomy of the Intestines

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
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Small Intestine01:15

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The small intestine is primarily responsible for digestion and nutrient absorption. It spans from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve and connects to the large intestine.
The small intestine is divided into three main sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The duodenum, approximately 25 cm long, is nearest the stomach. It acts as a 'mixing bowl,' where chyme (partially digested food) blends with digestive enzymes from the pancreas and liver. The duodenum's unique...
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Large Intestine01:09

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The large intestine is divided into three main regions: the cecum, colon, and rectum. Extending from the ileocecal valve to the anus, it frames the small intestine on three sides.
The ileocecal sphincter, a mucous membrane fold, guards the opening from the ileum to the large intestine. This valve permits material from the small intestine to pass into the large intestine. Attached to the ileocecal valve is the cecum. This small pouch, approximately 6 cm long, has a twisted, coiled tube known as...
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Histology of the Large Intestine01:26

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The large intestine, a vital component of the gastrointestinal tract, is structured with four main layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. Each layer performs a distinct role in facilitating the smooth functioning of the large intestine.
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
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Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine01:29

Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine

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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Creation of Colonic Anastomosis in Mice
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Modelling side to side intestinal anastomosis.

Javier Civit1, Fernando de la Portilla2, Jose Luis Sevillano3

  • 1Control of Biomedical Embedded Robotics (Cober S. L), Modulo H140. ETSI Informática. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Seville, Spain.

Biomedical Engineering Letters
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Standard surgical practice for side-to-side intestinal anastomosis does not create harmful closed circulatory flows. This finite element modeling study confirms current diameters are safe for gut tissue.

Keywords:
AnastomosisFinite elementsFreeFemNavier–StokesSurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Surgical Simulation
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Side-to-side intestinal anastomosis involves joining two parallel gut segments.
  • Concerns exist that standard anastomosis diameters may cause harmful circulatory issues.
  • Previous analytical models suggested potential for undesirable closed flow regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if standard surgical anastomosis diameters lead to harmful closed circulatory flows.
  • To analyze chyme flow dynamics within side-to-side intestinal anastomoses.
  • To evaluate the impact of anastomosis diameter on gut tissue health.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a finite element model for chyme flow in side-to-side anastomosis.
  • Inclusion of realistic, user-configurable parameters for simulation.
  • Analysis of flow, pressure differences, and streamlines across various anastomosis diameters.

Main Results:

  • Closed circulatory flow regions were not observed in any simulated surgically feasible anastomosis diameter.
  • Flow crossing the anastomosis and normalized pressure differences were analyzed.
  • Findings contrast with predictions from simpler analytical models.

Conclusions:

  • Current standard surgical practice for intestinal anastomosis diameter is not associated with undesirable closed flows.
  • The study validates the safety of standard anastomosis diameters in preventing predicted harmful circulatory effects.
  • Finite element modeling provides a robust method for assessing surgical anastomosis hemodynamics.