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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Immune checkpoint therapy and type 1 diabetes.
Hiroshi Ikegami1, Yumiko Kawabata1, Shinsuke Noso1
1Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-sayama, Osaka 589-8511 Japan.
Diabetology International
|January 4, 2019
Summary
Immune checkpoint blockers used in cancer therapy can accelerate the development of type 1 diabetes by activating immune pathways. This review discusses the link between immune-checkpoint therapy and type 1 diabetes, including fulminant forms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Endocrinology
- Oncology
Background:
- Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
- Immune-mediated pathways are implicated in both autoimmune and fulminant type 1 diabetes.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 enhance anti-tumor immunity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the development of type 1 diabetes in patients undergoing immune-checkpoint therapy.
- To explore the etiological background of type 1 diabetes associated with ICIs.
- To highlight the risks of fulminant type 1 diabetes due to ICI treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on immune-checkpoint therapy and type 1 diabetes.
- Analysis of etiological mechanisms linking ICI treatment to diabetes development.
- Discussion of clinical implications and patient safety.
Main Results:
- ICI therapy has been associated with the emergence of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes.
- Activation of immune pathways by ICIs can paradoxically trigger or accelerate type 1 diabetes.
- Fulminant type 1 diabetes is a serious concern due to its rapid onset and progression.
Conclusions:
- Immune-checkpoint blockade therapy carries a risk of inducing or exacerbating type 1 diabetes.
- Understanding the immune mechanisms is crucial for managing patients on ICI therapy.
- Vigilance and prompt diagnosis are essential for patients developing type 1 diabetes during ICI treatment.
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