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A Zebrafish Model of Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Memory
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Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases.

Masahiro Nishi1

  • 1Division of Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509 Japan.

Diabetology International
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes and thyroid disease frequently coexist. This review explores their complex relationship, including autoimmune links in type 1 diabetes and thyroid dysfunction risks for glucose intolerance in type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
Autoimmune polyglandular syndromeAutoimmune thyroid diseaseType 1 diabetes mellitusType 2 diabetes mellitus

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases are highly prevalent endocrine disorders.
  • Thyroid dysfunction occurs more frequently in individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared to the general population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid diseases.
  • To discuss the effects of thyroid hormone on glucose metabolism.
  • To highlight clinical challenges in managing patients with both conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current knowledge on diabetes and thyroid disease interactions.
  • Analysis of the impact of thyroid dysfunction on glucose metabolism and diabetic complications.
  • Examination of the autoimmune link between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Main Results:

  • Autoimmunity underlies the connection between type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid diseases (e.g., autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3 variant).
  • Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can be risk factors for glucose intolerance.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with diabetic complications.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between diabetes and thyroid disease is complex, involving autoimmune mechanisms and metabolic effects.
  • Understanding these relationships is crucial for managing patients with coexisting diabetes and thyroid disorders.
  • Further research is needed to clarify specific clinical pitfalls and optimize patient care.