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Related Concept Videos

What is Homeostasis?01:16

What is Homeostasis?

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Maintaining homeostasis requires that the body continuously maintain its internal conditions. Each physiological condition has a particular set point, from body temperature to blood pressure to levels of certain nutrients. A set point is the physiological value around which the normal range fluctuates. A normal range is a restricted set of values that is optimally healthful and stable. For example, the set point for normal human body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F).
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pH Homeostasis01:31

pH Homeostasis

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Acid-base homeostasis is essential for maintaining normal physiological activities in humans. The pH of various body fluids is strictly regulated because it is critical for the optimal activity of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions. Enzymes are basically proteins, so, any significant change in pH can affect their structure and activity. In humans, pH is regulated using three primary mechanisms— chemical buffer systems, respiratory regulation, and renal regulation.
Respiratory...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Endogenous Protein Tagging in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9
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Endogenous Protein Tagging in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9

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Endogenous Stem Cells in Homeostasis and Aging.

Ji Eun Lim1, Youngsook Son1,2

  • 11Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, 1732 Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104 Republic of Korea.

Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Aging impairs adult stem cell function, affecting tissue repair. This review explores stem cell aging, disease, and potential anti-aging interventions targeting cellular pathways and inflammation.

Keywords:
AgingBone marrow stem cellEndothelial precursor cellHematopoietic stem cellRejuvenation

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Aging research
  • Regenerative medicine

Background:

  • Adult stem cells reside in niches, replenishing tissues throughout life.
  • Stem cell function is crucial for tissue repair and homeostasis.
  • Aging leads to stem cell dysfunction, impacting healing and regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review endogenous stem cell homeostasis and its dysregulation in aging and disease.
  • To discuss potential intervention strategies for improving stem cell function and combating aging.
  • To examine epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and Substance-P as anti-aging targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on stem cell biology, aging, and regenerative medicine.
  • Analysis of intrinsic (epigenetic) and extrinsic (systemic) factors affecting stem cell aging.
  • Examination of data from progeroid animal models and heterochronic parabiosis studies.

Main Results:

  • Aging impairs stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and trafficking.
  • Epigenetic alterations and increased inflammation contribute to cellular senescence.
  • Systemic factors influence stem cell environment, impacting aging processes.

Conclusions:

  • Dysregulated stem cell function is a hallmark of aging and disease.
  • Targeting epigenetic pathways, inflammation, and stem cell trafficking (e.g., Substance-P) offers potential anti-aging strategies.
  • Maintaining a healthy stem cell niche environment is key for tissue repair and longevity.