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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

196.6K
Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
Genetic Information Flows from DNA to RNA to Protein
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is made up of nucleotides and proteins consist of amino...
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What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

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A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
The 3-dimensional positioning of chromatin in the nucleus influences the...
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mRNA Stability and Gene Expression02:51

mRNA Stability and Gene Expression

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The structure and stability of mRNA molecules regulates gene expression, as mRNAs are a key step in the pathway from gene to protein. In eukaryotes, the half-life of mRNA varies from a few minutes up to several days. mRNA stability is essential in growth and development. The absence of the proteins regulating its stability, such as tristetraprolin in mice, can cause systemic issues, including bone marrow overgrowth, inflammation, and autoimmunity.
Cis-acting Elements involved in mRNA stability
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Using an Automated Cell Counter to Simplify Gene Expression Studies: siRNA Knockdown of IL-4 Dependent Gene Expression in Namalwa Cells
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Engineering Globin Gene Expression.

Rachael Davis1, Aishwarya Gurumurthy1, Mir A Hossain1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, UF Health Cancer Center, Genetics Institute, Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene therapies for hemoglobinopathies like sickle cell disease and thalassemia are advancing. Current strategies focus on reactivating fetal gamma-globin to replace faulty beta-globin, offering promising new treatments.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9TALENgene editinggene therapyglobinhematopoiesishemoglobinlocus control regionzinc finger

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Hematology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Hemoglobinopathies, such as sickle cell disease and thalassemia, represent a significant global burden of inherited genetic disorders.
  • Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are amenable to genetic modification, driving progress in gene editing and therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe and compare current genetic engineering strategies for hemoglobinopathies.
  • To highlight the potential of these strategies for future safe and efficient therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on gene engineering techniques aimed at reactivating fetal γ-globin gene expression in adult erythroid cells.
  • Comparison of existing genetic engineering procedures for therapeutic development.

Main Results:

  • Fetal γ-globin proteins possess anti-sickling properties.
  • γ-globin can functionally substitute for adult β-globin, offering a therapeutic avenue.

Conclusions:

  • Gene editing and cell therapy show promise for treating hemoglobinopathies.
  • Continued research into novel gene engineering and cell transplantation protocols is essential for clinical advancement.