Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

ATP Yield01:31

ATP Yield

78.9K
Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
78.9K
Reaction Yield02:22

Reaction Yield

59.8K
The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product estimated to form based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The theoretical yield assumes the complete conversion of the limiting reactant into the desired product. The amount of product that is obtained by performing the reaction is called the actual yield, and it may be less than or (very rarely) equal to the theoretical yield.
59.8K
Bacterial Transformation01:33

Bacterial Transformation

59.9K
In 1928, bacteriologist Frederick Griffith worked on a vaccine for pneumonia, which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria. Griffith studied two pneumonia strains in mice: one pathogenic and one non-pathogenic. Only the pathogenic strain killed host mice.
Griffith made an unexpected discovery when he killed the pathogenic strain and mixed its remains with the live, non-pathogenic strain. Not only did the mixture kill host mice, but it also contained living pathogenic bacteria that...
59.9K
Transformers01:26

Transformers

1.8K
A device that transforms voltages from one value to another using induction is called a transformer. A transformer consists of two separate coils, or windings, wrapped around the same soft iron core. However, they are electrically insulated from each other.
The iron core has a substantial relative permeability. Therefore, the magnetic field lines generated due to the current in one winding are almost entirely confined within the core, such that the same magnetic flux permeates each turn of both...
1.8K
Transformation01:26

Transformation

1.1K
Microbial communities are dynamic environments where cell lysis releases free DNA into the surroundings. Other cells can take up this extracellular DNA through a process known as transformation.When a cell incorporates this foreign DNA into its genome, resulting in genetic modification, the process is known as transformation. Cells capable of this process are termed competent. Competence can be natural, as observed in certain bacteria and archaea, or artificially induced in the...
1.1K
The Ideal Transformer01:26

The Ideal Transformer

1.4K
In single-phase two-winding transformers, two windings are coiled around a magnetic core characterized by cross-sectional area A and magnetic permeability μ. A phasor current i1 enters the left winding while i2 exits the right winding, establishing the fundamental working of the transformer through electromagnetic principles.
Ampere's Law forms the basis of understanding the magnetic field within the transformer. It states that the integral of the magnetic field intensity's tangential...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Henagliflozin promotes mitophagy in renal tubular cells by activating AMPK/ULK1 to alleviate the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

Histology and histopathology·2026
Same author

<b>Erratum: HAIFENG HAN, XIAOJIN XUE, ZHISHENG ZHANG & CHEN SHAO (2026) Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new ciliate, <i>Hemiurosomoida sinica</i> sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia). <i>Zootaxa</i>, 5750 (2): 241-250.</b>

Zootaxa·2026
Same author

<b>Morphology and molecular phylogeny of a new ciliate, <i>Hemiurosomoida sinica</i> sp. nov. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)</b>.

Zootaxa·2026
Same author

Beyond classification metrics: a psychometric-aware benchmark for data augmentation in imbalanced student mental health surveys.

Frontiers in digital health·2026
Same author

School and family based myopia education associations with myopia prevalence in Hefei high school students in the post-COVID-19 period.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Comparative genomics of parasitic and symbiotic microeukaryotes: Phylogenomic insights into lifestyle transitions and co-evolutionary dynamics.

Molecular phylogenetics and evolution·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

2.5K

RAGE/galectin-3 yields intraplaque calcification transformation via sortilin.

Zhen Sun1, Zhongqun Wang2, Lihua Li3

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212001, Zhenjiang, China.

Acta Diabetologica
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals distinct pathways for arterial calcification in diabetes. Receptors for AGEs (RAGE) promote microcalcification, while galectin-3 promotes macrocalcification, both involving sortilin.

Keywords:
Galectin-3Matrix vesicleRAGESortilinVascular calcification

More Related Videos

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

20.3K
Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
09:01

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads
08:48

Complementation of Splicing Activity by a Galectin-3 - U1 snRNP Complex on Beads

Published on: December 9, 2020

2.5K
Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
08:43

Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation

Published on: May 31, 2016

20.3K
Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models
09:01

Analysis of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Vascular Calcification Using In Vitro and In Vivo Models

Published on: January 27, 2023

2.1K

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Diabetic Complications
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Arterial calcification, comprising macro- and microcalcification, poses distinct clinical risks in diabetes mellitus.
  • The regulatory mechanisms governing the formation of these two calcification types remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of macrocalcification and microcalcification in the context of diabetes mellitus.
  • To investigate the roles of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE) and galectin-3 in arterial calcification.
  • To explore the involvement of sortilin in the calcification process.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of anterior tibial arteries from diabetic patients with varying calcification levels.
  • Establishment of in vivo mouse diabetic atherosclerosis and in vitro mouse aortic smooth muscle cell models.
  • Silencing of RAGE or galectin-3, followed by assessment of calcified nodule size and sortilin expression.
  • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to visualize matrix vesicle aggregation influenced by sortilin.

Main Results:

  • Both macro- and microcalcification were observed in human diabetic arteries.
  • Silencing RAGE was associated with macrocalcification, while silencing galectin-3 was linked to microcalcification.
  • Sortilin acts downstream of RAGE and galectin-3, promoting matrix vesicle aggregation and larger calcified nodule formation.

Conclusions:

  • RAGE signaling downregulates sortilin, contributing to microcalcification, whereas galectin-3 upregulates sortilin, mediating macrocalcification.
  • Sortilin plays a critical role in early-stage matrix vesicle aggregation during arterial calcification.
  • Sortilin is identified as a potential therapeutic target for early intervention and a biomarker for assessing clinical risk and prognosis in diabetic vascular disease.