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Related Concept Videos

Cluster Sampling Method01:20

Cluster Sampling Method

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Appropriate sampling methods ensure that samples are drawn without bias and accurately represent the population. Because measuring the entire population in a study is not practical, researchers use samples to represent the population of interest.
To choose a cluster sample, divide the population into clusters (groups) and then randomly select some of the clusters. All the members from these clusters are in the cluster sample. For example, if you randomly sample four departments from your...
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Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

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After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Chromatin Position Affects Gene Expression02:35

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Chromatin is the massive complex of DNA and proteins packaged inside the nucleus. The complexity of chromatin folding and how it is packaged inside the nucleus greatly influences  access to genetic information. Generally, the nucleus' periphery is considered transcriptionally repressive, while the cell's interior is considered a transcriptionally active area. 
Topologically Associated Domains (TADs)
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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Gene Families01:57

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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CRISPR Gene Editing Tool for MicroRNA Cluster Network Analysis
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Hox genes, clusters and collinearity.

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  • 1Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, USA.

The International Journal of Developmental Biology
|January 4, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The discovery of collinearity in the bithorax gene complex revolutionized understanding of Hox gene regulation. Studies on Hox genes have since yielded fundamental insights into development, disease, and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The 40th anniversary of Ed Lewis's discovery of collinearity in the bithorax gene complex highlights its significance.
  • This discovery underscored the importance of understanding regulatory mechanisms for homeotic gene clusters.

Observation:

  • Hox gene family research has revealed fundamental roles in development, disease, and evolution.
  • Studies on Hox gene clusters have advanced gene regulation and evolutionary biology.

Findings:

  • The investigation of Hox gene clusters has led to significant conceptual advances.
  • The field has elucidated critical regulatory mechanisms coordinating gene expression.

Implications:

  • Understanding Hox gene regulation provides insights into developmental processes.
  • Hox gene research impacts our understanding of evolution and disease mechanisms.