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Differences in novel food response between Pongo and Pan.

Sofia Ingrid Fredrika Forss1, Alba Motes-Rodrigo1, Christine Hrubesch2

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Great apes

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Primate behavior
  • Evolutionary psychology
  • Animal cognition

Background:

  • Great ape diets vary, necessitating behavioral flexibility and exploration of new foods.
  • Neophobia (fear of new things) in apes prevents ingestion of harmful substances.
  • Social information influences primate acceptance of novel food items.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the social information hypothesis: higher neophobia in species with abundant social information.
  • To examine inherent differences in neophobia among four great ape species.
  • To understand the role of sociality in great ape responses to novel foods.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 134 great apes from four species: orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus, Pongo abelii) and chimpanzees/bonobos (Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus).
  • Assessed individual reactions to novel foods when apes were alone.
  • Recorded explorative behaviors and time taken to taste novel foods.

Main Results:

  • Chimpanzees and bonobos, with higher social information, exhibited greater neophobia than solitary orangutans.
  • Chimpanzees displayed more cautious explorative behavior before tasting novel foods.
  • Younger apes across all species were more neophobic than adults.

Conclusions:

  • Social information availability influences neophobia levels in great apes, supporting the social information hypothesis.
  • Species-specific social structures correlate with distinct responses to novel food exploration.
  • Age is a significant factor in neophobic responses among great apes.