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The eukaryotic promoter region is a segment of DNA located upstream of a gene. It contains an RNA polymerase binding site, a transcription start site, and several cis-regulatory sequences.  The proximal promoter region is located in the vicinity of the gene and has cis-regulatory sequences and the core promoter. The core promoter is the binding site for RNA polymerase and is usually located between -35 and +35 nucleotides from the transcription start site. The distal promoter regions are...
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Quantifying promoter-specific Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 gene expression by interrogating public databases.

Peter Rotwein1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech Health University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas.

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|January 4, 2019
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Summary

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) mRNA is highly expressed in fat and liver tissues in humans and macaques. Publicly available RNA-sequencing data effectively quantified IGF1 gene expression across species and tissues.

Keywords:
Gene expressionIGF1gene regulationgenomics

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Comparative Biology

Background:

  • Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) is crucial for growth, regeneration, and repair.
  • IGF1 gene regulation is complex, influenced by hormones, nutrition, and tissue-specific factors.
  • Quantifying IGF1 expression is challenging due to promoter variability and lack of standardized analysis platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify IGF1 mRNA levels in human and macaque tissues using public RNA-sequencing data.
  • To compare IGF1 gene expression patterns between humans and macaques.
  • To assess the relative activity of IGF1's two promoters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized publicly accessible RNA-sequencing libraries for gene expression analysis.
  • Focused on human and macaque species due to conserved IGF1 gene organization.
  • Measured steady-state levels of IGF1 messenger RNAs (mRNAs).

Main Results:

  • IGF1 transcripts showed high expression in adipose (fat) and liver tissues in both species.
  • IGF1 expression was induced during human adipocyte differentiation.
  • IGF1 mRNA levels increased in macaque skeletal muscle following dietary changes.
  • IGF1 promoter 1 demonstrated significantly higher activity than promoter 2 across examined tissues.

Conclusions:

  • Interrogating large-scale public genomic resources is an effective strategy for quantifying gene expression.
  • IGF1 plays a significant role in metabolic tissues like fat and liver.
  • Comparative analysis of IGF1 expression in humans and macaques reveals conserved patterns and species-specific responses.