Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Density00:56

Density

19.9K
Density is an important characteristic of substances, crucial in determining whether an object sinks or floats in a fluid. Its SI unit is kg/m3, and its cgs unit is g/cm3. The density of an object helps in identifying its composition, and also reveals information about the phase of the matter and its substructure. The densities of liquids and solids are roughly comparable, consistent with the fact that their atoms are in close contact. However, gases have much lower densities than liquids and...
19.9K
Current Density01:21

Current Density

5.1K
The total amount of current flowing through one unit value of a cross-sectional area is referred to as current density. If the current flow is uniform, the amount of current flowing through a conductor is the same at all points along the conductor, even if the conductor area varies. The current density consists of the local magnitude and direction of the charge flow, which varies from point to point. Current density is measured in amperes per meter square, and direction is defined as the net...
5.1K
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

406
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
406
First Order Systems01:21

First Order Systems

427
First-order systems, such as RC circuits, are foundational in understanding dynamic systems due to their straightforward input-output relationship. Analyzing their responses to different input functions under zero initial conditions reveals significant insights into system behavior.
When a first-order system is subjected to a unit-step input, its response is characterized by its transfer function. By applying the Laplace transform of the unit-step input to the transfer function, expanding the...
427
Second Order systems I01:20

Second Order systems I

598
A servo system exemplifies a second-order system, featuring a proportional controller and load elements that ensure the output position aligns with the input position. The relationship between these components is described by a second-order differential equation. Applying the Laplace transform under zero initial conditions yields the transfer function, showing how inputs are converted to outputs in the system.
By reinterpreting the system, one can derive the closed-loop transfer function, which...
598
Strain-Energy Density01:20

Strain-Energy Density

907
Understanding the strain energy density in materials under axial load is crucial for evaluating their mechanical behavior and durability. When a rod is subjected to such a load, it elongates and stores energy, known as strain energy, as potential energy within the material. This energy is measured in terms of energy per unit volume.
In the elastic region of a material, the relationship between the stress and the strain is linear and follows Hooke's Law. The strain energy density in this region...
907

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The FOOTLOOSE App: Evaluation of a Gamified App-Based Exercise Intervention for Children and Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease-A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease·2026
Same author

A perfused, parallelized blood brain barrier-tumor platform for compound permeation and efficacy investigations.

Microsystems & nanoengineering·2026
Same author

Engineering Neuronal Network Connectivity Through Precise and Scalable Electrical Modulation.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Predictive Value of Musculoskeletal Fitness for Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents with Congenital Heart Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

Loss of schizophrenia risk gene XPO7 disrupts neuronal excitability and network regularity via altered Na<sup>+</sup> channel dynamics in human neurons.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Adaptation of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> to intestinal mucus revealed by a human colonic organoid model.

mSystems·2026
Same journal

SleepConFormer: A Single-Channel EEG Framework for Sleep Staging and Consciousness Assessment in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Modeling Partial and Total Support of Left Ventricular Assist Device for Discrete Hemodynamic Control Framework.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

A Low-Cost Wearable TI-TACS Stimulator With Bipolar Quadratic-Boost Converter for Current Stimulation Validation in the Rat Brain.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

EMG-Based Gait Estimation Using Koopman-Inspired Method.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Soft Everting Robots for Medical Applications: A Review.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
Same journal

Arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow quantification from quantitative transport mapping based on multiscale fluid mechanics simulation and deep learning.

IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Author Spotlight: Advancing Large-Scale Neural Dynamics Through HD-MEA Technology
09:44

Author Spotlight: Advancing Large-Scale Neural Dynamics Through HD-MEA Technology

Published on: March 8, 2024

5.8K

Stimulation and Artifact-Suppression Techniques for In Vitro High-Density Microelectrode Array Systems.

Amir Shadmani, Vijay Viswam, Yihui Chen

    IEEE Transactions on Bio-Medical Engineering
    |January 4, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Novel stimulation buffers and recording circuits effectively suppress stimulation artifacts in high-density microelectrode arrays. This technology reduces recording circuit saturation time to under 150 microseconds, enabling more efficient neural stimulation and recording.

    More Related Videos

    How to Culture, Record and Stimulate Neuronal Networks on Micro-electrode Arrays MEAs
    09:27

    How to Culture, Record and Stimulate Neuronal Networks on Micro-electrode Arrays MEAs

    Published on: May 30, 2010

    55.8K
    Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
    07:40

    Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

    Published on: November 15, 2011

    19.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

    Author Spotlight: Advancing Large-Scale Neural Dynamics Through HD-MEA Technology
    09:44

    Author Spotlight: Advancing Large-Scale Neural Dynamics Through HD-MEA Technology

    Published on: March 8, 2024

    5.8K
    How to Culture, Record and Stimulate Neuronal Networks on Micro-electrode Arrays MEAs
    09:27

    How to Culture, Record and Stimulate Neuronal Networks on Micro-electrode Arrays MEAs

    Published on: May 30, 2010

    55.8K
    Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons
    07:40

    Using Affordable LED Arrays for Photo-Stimulation of Neurons

    Published on: November 15, 2011

    19.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Electrical Engineering

    Background:

    • High-density microelectrode arrays are crucial for neural interfaces.
    • Stimulation in these arrays generates artifacts that saturate recording amplifiers.
    • Existing methods struggle to effectively suppress these artifacts.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop novel voltage stimulation buffers with controlled output current.
    • To design recording circuits with adjustable high-pass filtering for artifact suppression.
    • To enable efficient stimulation while minimizing interference in microelectrode arrays.

    Main Methods:

    • Implemented a "soft-reset" or pole-shifting technique to adjust high-pass corner frequencies across 2048 channels (Hz to kHz).
    • Developed a stimulation buffer with two modes: voltage-only control and current/voltage control.
    • Utilized a local common-mode feedback operational transconductance amplifier for voltage-only mode.
    • Employed a positive current conveyor with feedback loops for current/voltage controlled mode.

    Main Results:

    • Reduced saturation time of recording circuits near stimulation sites to less than 150 microseconds.
    • The current/voltage controlled circuit achieved linearity errors below ±0.1% (low-current) and ±0.2% (high-current).
    • Stimulation pulses up to 30 µA (low-current) and 300 µA (high-current) were generated.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed circuits provide efficient stimulation and effective artifact suppression in high-density microelectrode arrays.
    • Adjustable high-pass filtering significantly mitigates stimulation artifacts, improving recording quality.
    • The novel stimulation buffers offer precise control over voltage and current output for versatile neural stimulation applications.