Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Levels of Organization

Levels of Organization

Biological organization is the classification of biological structures, ranging from atoms at the bottom of the hierarchy to the Earth's biosphere. Each level of the hierarchy represents an increase in complexity that builds upon the previous level.
Molecules Are Composed of Atoms, and Biomolecules Are Assembled from Molecules:
The most basic levels include atoms, molecules, and biomolecules. Atoms, the smallest unit of ordinary matter, are composed of a nucleus and electrons. Molecules...

Accessory Organs

Accessory Organs

Accessory organs are those that participate in the digestion of food but do not come into direct contact with it like the mouth, stomach, or intestine do. Accessory organs secrete enzymes into the digestive tract to facilitate the breakdown of food.

Organic Compounds

Organic Compounds

All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...

Transgenic Organisms

Transgenic Organisms

Organization of Genes

Organization of Genes

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Types of Genetic Transfer Between Organisms

Genetic transfer occurs when genetic information is passed from one organism to another. It occurs via two mechanisms: vertical gene transfer and horizontal gene transfer. Vertical gene transfer occurs when genetic information is transferred from one generation to the next, which happens much more frequently than horizontal gene transfer. Both sexual and asexual reproduction are forms of vertical gene transfer, where one or more organisms pass some or all of their genome onto their progeny.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Laser-Assisted Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose: Analytical Performance, Clinical Accuracy, and Usability of the HandyRay-Glu System.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Same author

Activating a B cell immune response regresses immunologically cold tumours.

Nature nanotechnology·2026

Same author

Targeting a genomic RNA G-quadruplex of dengue virus with small molecules as an alternative to protein-targeted therapeutics.

Journal of biomedical science·2026

Same author

Evaluation of the potential toxicity of microplastics released from soft beverages packaging under different storage conditions.

Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·2026

Same author

Cyclic mechanical stretch suppresses intrinsic apoptosis in high metastatic melanoma.

Materials today. Bio·2026

Same author

Analysis of total and free amino acid compositions of fishery byproducts from three commonly consumed fish species in South Korea.

Amino acids·2026

Same journal

A Programmed Drug-Loaded and Penetration-Delivery Functionalized Microneedle Patch for Synergistic Obesity Treatment.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Same journal

Antibacterial and Immunomodulatory Coatings for Orthopedic Metal Implants: Biological Rationale, Design Strategies, and Translational Challenges.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Same journal

Butyrylated PGAM5-Triggered and GSH-Responsive Cysteine Polymer Nanoparticles for CBL0137 Delivery to Enhance Necroptosis in Prostate Cancer.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Same journal

Dual-Modal Phototherapeutic Nanoagents Eradicating Drug-Resistant Bacteria via Multi-Pathway of Membrane Disruption, Oxidative Damage, and Energy Metabolism Interference.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Same journal

Smartphone-Enabled Point-of-Care Biosensing Platform With Self-Calibration for Rapid Matrix-Resistant Detection of Multiple AMI Biomarkers in Whole Blood.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

Same journal

Multimetal-Doped Nanoenzymes Reprogram Macrophages for Immunotherapy of Gouty Arthritis.

Advanced healthcare materials·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Published on: September 26, 2017

Organ-on-a-Chip for Cancer and Immune Organs Modeling.

Wujin Sun^1,2, Zhimin Luo^1,2,3, Junmin Lee^1,2

¹Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.

Advanced Healthcare Materials

|January 4, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Three-dimensional organotypic models, including "cancer-on-a-chip" and "immune organs-on-a-chip" systems, offer improved drug response prediction over 2D cultures. These advanced models provide physiologically relevant environments for disease research and drug development.

Keywords:

cancer drug screening immune system organ-on-a-chip organoids

More Related Videos

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Published on: October 20, 2018

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Published on: September 26, 2017

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Scalable Fabrication of Stretchable, Dual Channel, Microfluidic Organ Chips

Published on: October 20, 2018

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Reconstituting Cytoarchitecture and Function of Human Epithelial Tissues on an Open-Top Organ-Chip

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Drug Discovery
Organotypic Models

Background:

Traditional 2D cell cultures lack the complex microenvironments needed for accurate drug response prediction.
Three-dimensional (3D) organotypic models recreate physiological cellular organization and interactions.
Human-sourced tissues in 3D models enhance personalized drug response assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in "cancer-on-a-chip" and "immune organs-on-a-chip" systems.
To highlight the potential of these models in studying disease progression and drug efficacy.
To discuss future directions in organotypic model development for drug discovery.

Main Methods:

Integration of microfluidic technology into 3D organotypic models.
Development of physiologically relevant in vitro microenvironments.
Utilizing human-sourced tissues for personalized disease modeling.

Main Results:

3D organotypic models, particularly microfluidic-integrated systems, offer superior recapitulation of in vivo conditions compared to 2D cultures.
These systems enable dynamic simulation of cellular behaviors and real-time drug testing.
Advancements facilitate the study of complex diseases like cancer and immune disorders.

Conclusions:

Organ-on-a-chip technologies represent a significant leap forward in preclinical drug development.
These models promise more accurate prediction of drug responses and personalized medicine approaches.
Further research is needed to address challenges and fully realize the potential of these advanced in vitro systems.