Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Neuronavigation-guided Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Aphasia
Published on: May 6, 2016
Gender does not matter: Add-on repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment for female methamphetamine
Ting Liu1, Yongqiang Li2, Ying Shen2
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.
Background:
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting prefrontal cortex reduces craving in different types of drug addiction. However, most studies failed to elucidate the potential gender discrepancies for the treatment effects, due to the small percentage of female subjects enrolled. The present study prospectively recruited female methamphetamine dependents for TMS treatment.
Methods:
Ninety female methamphetamine dependents were randomly assigned into the control group (routine addiction rehabilitation) or add-on 10 Hz group (routine addiction rehabilitation plus 20 times rTMS treatments). The craving scores to drug associated cues were examined as the primary outcome for this treatment.
Results:
The results showed that add-on rTMS treatment was as well effective in female methamphetamine dependents, and the effect lasted for at least 30 days after treatment. Drug abuse history predicts the efficacy of chronic treatment, and the effects of TMS treatment was more pronounced in young, high-craving subjects.
Conclusions:
Add-on high frequency rTMS treatment is as well tolerable and effective in female methamphetamine dependents.
Related Concept Videos
Classifying Matter by Composition
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures.
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated.
A mixture is composed of two or...
Classifying Matter by State
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter
Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development
The Atomic Theory of Matter
What is Matter?

