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At the different levels of the healthcare system, we see varying methods of healthcare used. These methods include managed care systems, case management, and primary healthcare.
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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Safety of Placenta-Targeted Drug Delivery Using Three Complementary Methods
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Triptolide-targeted delivery methods.

Hongtao Xu1, Bo Liu2

  • 1Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
|January 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Triptolide shows promise for treating inflammation and cancer, but faces challenges with solubility and toxicity. Targeted delivery systems, like nano-vehicles, are being developed to improve its clinical use.

Keywords:
AntibodyAptamerConjugateDeliveryGlycosideNanoparticleOligonucleotidePeptideTargetTriptolide

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Triptolide, a diterpene natural product, exhibits significant biological activities.
  • Clinical application of triptolide is limited by poor water solubility, narrow therapeutic window, and multi-organ toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review strategies for developing targeted delivery methods for triptolide.
  • To explore methods aimed at improving triptolide's clinical potential.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on triptolide-targeted delivery systems.
  • Summary of direct conjugation of triptolide to ligands (e.g., sugar, peptide, antibody).
  • Analysis of triptolide encapsulation within nanocarriers (nano-vehicles).

Main Results:

  • Targeted delivery strategies enhance triptolide's anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities.
  • Direct conjugation and nano-encapsulation are key approaches.
  • These methods address triptolide's limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted delivery systems offer a promising route for triptolide's clinical application.
  • Strategies reviewed can guide future development of triptolide and other natural products.
  • Further research into targeted delivery is crucial for therapeutic advancement.