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Related Concept Videos

Auditory Perception01:17

Auditory Perception

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The auditory system is essential for sound perception, utilizing various critical structures. When sound waves enter the outer ear, they travel through the ear canal and cause the eardrum to vibrate. These vibrations are then transmitted to the middle ear, where three tiny bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – amplify the sound. This amplification is crucial, as it ensures that the sound vibrations are strong enough to be conveyed to the inner ear. These vibrations then reach the...
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Language01:16

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Language is a unique communication system that uses words and systematic rules to organize and transmit information. Unlike other forms of communication, which may involve postures, movements, odors, or vocalizations, language relies on symbols and grammar. This makes human communication distinct from that of other species, who also communicate but do not use language in the same way humans do.
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Subliminal Perception01:15

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Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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Perception01:28

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Schizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by a range of symptoms that significantly impact cognition, behavior, and emotional regulation. Among these, the positive symptoms stand out as they involve the addition or exaggeration of normal mental functions, deviating markedly from typical behavior and perception. Hallucinations and delusions are prominent positive symptoms, each profoundly affecting the individual's experience of reality.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Using Eye Movements Recorded in the Visual World Paradigm to Explore the Online Processing of Spoken Language
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Auditory hallucinations, top-down processing and language perception: a general population study.

J N de Boer1, M M J Linszen2, J de Vries1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University & Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Psychological Medicine
|January 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals experiencing recent auditory hallucinations (AH) made more auditory perception errors, supporting the role of top-down processing in hallucinations. Verbal AH specifically predicted these misperceptions.

Keywords:
Auditory perceptionbottom-uphallucinationslanguagetop-down

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Schizophrenia hallucinations may stem from an imbalance between top-down expectations and bottom-up processing.
  • This study investigates if auditory hallucinations (AH) in the general population correlate with auditory perception errors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the hypothesis that individuals with AH exhibit increased misperceptions in auditory language processing.
  • To explore the relationship between recent AH and auditory perception accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Online survey to identify participants with and without hallucinations.
  • Auditory verbal recognition task to measure correct perceptions and misperceptions (false alarms).
  • Hearing tests to exclude auditory impairments.

Main Results:

  • 5115 individuals from the Dutch population participated.
  • Participants with recent AH showed a higher false alarm rate in auditory perception.
  • The recency of AH correlated with an increased rate of perceptual errors.

Conclusions:

  • Verbal AH (AVH) predicted increased false alarms in auditory perception, but non-verbal or visual hallucinations did not.
  • Enhanced top-down processing appears modality-specific.
  • Recent AVH are linked to heightened top-down expectation influence, aligning with hallucination models.