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Controlled antifungal behavior on Ti6Al4V nanostructured by chemical nanopatterning

Benjamín Valdez-Salas1, Ernesto Beltrán-Partida1, Nicola Nedev2

  • 1Instituto de Ingeniería, Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Cáncer, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico; Instituto de Ingeniería, Laboratorio de Corrosión y Materiales Avanzados, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Blvd. Benito Juárez y Calle de la Normal s/n, Mexicali C.P. 21040, Baja California, Mexico.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications
|January 5, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Nanoporous titanium surfaces inhibit Candida albicans growth on bone implants. Larger nanopores reduced fungal viability and colonization, suggesting improved early fungal resistance for dental implants.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Surface Engineering

Background:

  • Bone implant infections are often bacterial, but opportunistic fungal infections, like Candida albicans, are increasingly recognized, especially with antibiotic resistance.
  • Understanding early fungal behavior on implant surfaces is crucial for preventing colonization and infection.
  • Titanium alloys (Ti6Al4V) are common biomaterials, but their surface properties can influence microbial interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the early behavior of Candida albicans on Ti6Al4V surfaces with controlled nanopores.
  • To evaluate the impact of nanopore size and surface properties on fungal adhesion, colonization, and viability.
  • To explore the potential of nanostructured titanium dioxide (TiO2) for enhancing early fungal resistance in implants.

Main Methods:

  • Ti6Al4V surfaces were fabricated with nanopores (NPs) of controlled diameters (12 nm and 24 nm) using oxidative nanopatterning for 30 min (NP30) and 60 min (NP60).
  • Physicochemical characterization of NP surfaces, including anatase phase formation and hydrophilicity, was performed.
  • Candida albicans adhesion, colonization, and viability were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and yeast counting.

Main Results:

  • Nanopatterning successfully created TiO2 nanopores with diameters of 12 nm and 24 nm.
  • NP60 surfaces exhibited anatase phase TiO2 and improved hydrophilicity compared to NP30.
  • Candida albicans showed initial exopolysaccharide secretion on nanopatterned surfaces; larger NPs (24 nm) significantly reduced fungal viability and cell-surface contact.

Conclusions:

  • Controlled fabrication of nanostructured TiO2 materials can influence early fungal behavior.
  • Specific nanopore characteristics, particularly larger diameters, enhance resistance to Candida albicans.
  • These findings suggest potential for improved early fungal resistance in dental and bone implants through surface nanostructuring.
Keywords:
AntimicrobialCandida albicansDental implantsMetallic biomaterialsNanostructuresTitanium

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