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Absolute brain size predicts dog breed differences in executive function.

Daniel J Horschler1, Brian Hare2,3, Josep Call4,5

  • 1School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA. horschler@email.arizona.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain size in dogs is linked to executive functions like memory and self-control. This suggests a broad evolutionary pattern between brain volume and cognitive abilities, not unique to primates.

Keywords:
Brain evolutionBrain sizeBreed differencesCitizen scienceCognitive evolutionExecutive function

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Area of Science:

  • Comparative cognition
  • Evolutionary neuroscience
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Phylogenetic studies link brain size and executive function, but primarily in primates.
  • Primate neural scaling rules may limit generalization to other taxa.
  • The evolutionary relationship between brain volume and cognition across diverse species remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if the association between absolute brain volume and executive function is a broad evolutionary phenomenon.
  • To determine if this relationship extends beyond primates, using domestic dogs as a model.
  • To explore domain-specific cognitive evolution in relation to brain size.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized citizen science data from over 7,000 purebred dogs across 74 breeds.
  • Controlled for genetic relatedness between breeds.
  • Correlated estimated absolute brain weight with breed differences in cognitive tasks.

Main Results:

  • Strong relationships were found between estimated brain weight and breed differences in cognition.
  • Larger-brained breeds performed significantly better in short-term memory and self-control tasks.
  • Associations varied for other cognitive measures, supporting domain-specific evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionary increases in brain size are positively associated with cognitive differences, even without primate-like neuroanatomy.
  • Dog breed variation offers a valuable model for studying neuroanatomy and cognition in related taxa.
  • The findings suggest a general evolutionary principle linking brain size and executive function across diverse species.