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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Dependence of Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Results on Pulse Energies and Timing Parameters Using Soil Simulants
Published on: September 23, 2013
Application of new measures of nonlinearity to parameter estimation and simulations in individual pharmacokinetic
Leonid Khinkis1, Milburn Crotzer2
1Canisius College, Buffalo, NY, USA. khinkis@canisius.edu.
Abstract:
Since simulation studies are widely used in pharmacokinetics, it is necessary to ascertain their validity. An important, well-documented, concern that may negatively impact the validity of estimated parameters in pharmacokinetic models is existence of multiple minima of the criterion used in estimation. A presence of multiple minima causes instability of the estimates, dependence of the parameter estimates on the initial values, and bimodal (or, generally, multimodal) distributions of the estimated parameters. This paper offers a method to identify when these issues may occur by applying two new measures of nonlinearity.
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