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The Multiple Biological Targets of Hops and Bioactive Compounds
Judy L Bolton, Tareisha L Dunlap, Atieh Hajirahimkhan
1Bell's Brewery , 8938 Krum Avenue , Galesburg , Michigan 49053 , United States.
Chemical Research in Toxicology
|January 5, 2019
Summary
Botanical hop supplements offer natural relief for menopausal symptoms. Key compounds like xanthohumol (XH) and 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) target hormonal, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways, enhancing women's health.
Area of Science:
- Phytochemistry
- Pharmacology
- Women's Health
Background:
- Botanical dietary supplements, particularly hops, are increasingly used by women for menopausal symptom relief.
- Spent hops are rich in bioactive prenylated flavonoids like xanthohumol (XH), isoxanthohumol (IX), 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN).
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the biological targets and mechanisms of action of hop constituents.
- To understand the potential health benefits and chemopreventive properties of hop-derived compounds.
Main Methods:
- Pharmacokinetic analysis of hop flavonoids and their metabolites.
- Investigation of interactions with hormonal, metabolic, inflammatory, and epigenetic pathways.
- Assessment of effects on detoxification enzymes and signaling pathways like Keap1-Nrf2 and AMP-activated protein kinase.
Main Results:
- 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN) exhibits potent phytoestrogenic activity and inhibits aromatase.
- Xanthohumol (XH) activates the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway, induces detoxification enzymes, and possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity effects.
- Hop extracts modulate estrogen metabolism and carcinogenesis via aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation by 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN).
Conclusions:
- Hop constituents interact with multiple biological targets, including hormonal and metabolic pathways.
- Understanding these mechanisms can lead to standardized, efficacious, and safer hop-based botanical products.
- Further research into hop phytoconstituents can enhance their chemopreventive potential for women's health.
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