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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

1.8K
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

1.3K
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
1.3K
Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions02:15

Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions

29.3K
Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
29.3K
Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

94.7K
Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
94.7K
Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

104.0K
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
104.0K
Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

3.3K
The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Detection of Biomolecules Using EBL Fabricated Nanostructured Substrates
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New assay method based on Raman spectroscopy for enzymes reacting with gaseous substrates.

Yuka Kawahara-Nakagawa1, Koji Nishikawa1,2, Satoru Nakashima3

  • 1Department of Picobiology, Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, 678-1297, Japan.

Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society
|January 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel Raman spectroscopy assay for enzyme reactions with gaseous substrates. This method non-invasively monitors gas composition, enabling simultaneous measurement of hydrogenase reactions and kinetic analysis.

Keywords:
H/D exchange reactionRaman spectroscopy[NiFe] hydrogenasekinetic experimentnon-invasive measurementquantitative analysis of gaseous substrates

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Enzyme kinetics

Background:

  • Enzyme activity assays typically measure substrate/product concentrations over time.
  • Gaseous substrates require specialized methods like gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, or absorption spectroscopy.
  • Existing methods have limitations for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of gaseous substrate reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new, non-invasive assay system for real-time kinetic studies of enzymes utilizing gaseous substrates.
  • To apply this system to investigate the kinetic properties of [NiFe] hydrogenase.
  • To enable simultaneous measurement of multiple enzymatic reactions, including H/D exchange.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a Raman spectroscopy-based assay system for monitoring gas composition.
  • Continuous, non-invasive measurement of gas phase in a reaction cuvette.
  • Application to kinetic analysis of [NiFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F.

Main Results:

  • The system successfully monitored enzymatic reactions involving gaseous substrates over extended periods.
  • Confirmed concomitant production of H2 alongside HD during the H/D exchange reaction in a D2/H2O system.
  • Estimated the ratio of the H/D exchange rate constant (k) to product release rate (kout) as 1.9 ± 0.2.

Conclusions:

  • Raman spectroscopy provides a versatile, non-invasive method for assaying enzymes with gaseous substrates.
  • The developed system allows simultaneous kinetic analysis of multiple hydrogenase-mediated reactions.
  • This approach is applicable to a broad range of enzymes involving gaseous substrates.