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Related Experiment Videos

Planning for rabies control in Ontario.

C D MacInnes1, R R Tinline, D R Voigt

  • 1Wildlife Branch, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Maple, Canada.

Reviews of Infectious Diseases
|November 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Rabies incidence in southern Ontario varies by geographic cell, influenced by soil, land use, and drainage. A simulation model suggests targeted vaccination strategies, especially post-outbreak, can eradicate rabies in fox populations.

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Background prevalence of tetracycline-like fluorescence in teeth of free ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) and raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Ontario, Canada.

Journal of wildlife diseases·1994

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary epidemiology
  • Wildlife disease ecology
  • Spatial modeling

Background:

  • Rabies cases in southern Ontario exhibit distinct geographic clustering and cyclical patterns.
  • Environmental factors like soil type, land use, and drainage influence rabies incidence.
  • Foxes are primary rabies vectors in rural areas, while skunks are significant in urban settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze spatial and temporal patterns of rabies in southern Ontario.
  • To develop and utilize a spatial stochastic simulation model for rabies risk assessment.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of oral rabies vaccine baits and targeted control strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Identification of ten geographic cells with rabies cases.
  • Analysis of rabies incidence in relation to soil types, land use, and drainage.

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  • Development and application of a spatial stochastic simulation model for risk evaluation.
  • Sensitivity analysis of the model based on key ecological parameters.

    • Main Results:

    • Rabies incidence correlates with specific soil types (sandy and clay loams), land use (hay and pasture), and drainage patterns.
    • The simulation model indicates rabies persistence is unlikely below 4,000 km2 of contiguous fox habitat.
    • Model sensitivity is highest to fox contact rates, rabies incubation period, fox density, and density-dependent feedback.
    • A single vaccination of 60% of the fox population can eradicate rabies if timed post-outbreak.

    Conclusions:

    • Rabies control efforts in Ontario are likely to focus on individual cells or clusters rather than the entire enzootic zone.
    • Eradication of rabies may lead to a modest increase in fox populations.
    • Targeted vaccination strategies, particularly timing, are crucial for effective rabies reduction.
    • Alternative vaccination methods are needed for skunks due to the lack of effective oral vaccines.