Electrochemical sensing of the thyroid hormone thyronamine (T₀AM) via molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs)

Recent studies have shown that besides the well-known T₃ (triiodothyronine) and T₄ (thyroxine) there might be other important thyroid hormones, in particular T₀AM (thyronamine) and T₁AM (3-iodothyronamine). The absence of a large number of studies showing their precise importance might be explained by the limited number of analytical methodologies available. This work aims to show an electroanalytical alternative making use of electropolymerized molecularly imprinted polymer (MIPs). The MIPs' polymerization is performed on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), using 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) as the building and functional monomer and the analyte T₀AM as the template. The step-by-step construction of the SPCE-MIP sensor was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). After optimization, by means of square-wave voltammetry, the SPCE-MIP showed suitable selectivity (in comparison with other thyroid hormones and catechol amines), repeatability (intra-day of 3.9%), a linear range up to 10 μmol L^-1 (0.23 × 10³ μg dL^-1) with an r² of 0.998 and a limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.081 and 0.27 μmol L^-1 (1.9 and 6.2 μg dL^-1), respectively.