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Related Concept Videos

Enzymes02:34

Enzymes

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Inside living organisms, enzymes act as catalysts for many biochemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism. The role of enzymes is to reduce the activation energies of biochemical reactions by forming complexes with its substrates. The lowering of activation energies favor an increase in the rates of biochemical reactions.
Enzyme deficiencies can often translate into life-threatening diseases. For example, a genetic abnormality resulting in the deficiency of the enzyme G6PD...
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Enzyme Kinetics01:19

Enzyme Kinetics

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Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy of the reactants. The speed at which the enzyme turns reactants into products is called the rate of reaction. Several factors impact the rate of reaction, including the number of available reactants. Enzyme kinetics is the study of how an enzyme changes the rate of a reaction.
Scientists typically study enzyme kinetics with a fixed amount of enzyme in the controlled environment of a test tube. When more reactant, or substrate, is...
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Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
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Enzyme Inhibition01:30

Enzyme Inhibition

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Inhibitors are molecules that reduce enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme. In a normally functioning cell, enzymes are regulated by a variety of inhibitors. Drugs and other toxins can also inhibit enzymes. Some inhibitors bind to the enzyme’s active site, while others inhibit enzymatic activity by binding to other sites on the protein structure.
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Introduction to Enzymes01:22

Introduction to Enzymes

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The use of enzymes by humans dates to 7000 BCE. Humans first used enzymes to ferment sugars and produce alcohol without knowing that this was an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Wilhelm Kuhne coined the term 'enzyme' in 1877 from the Greek words ‘en’ meaning ‘in’ or ‘within’ and ‘zyme’ meaning ‘yeast.’
Most enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions without being consumed. Enzymes contain one or more active sites that...
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Restriction Enzymes01:11

Restriction Enzymes

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Restriction enzymes are bacterial enzymes used to cut DNA in a sequence-specific manner. To cleave DNA, they bind to specific palindromic sequences called restriction sites. Such palindromic DNA sequences or inverted repeats are commonly found in regions of functional significance, such as the origin of replication, gene operator sites, and regions containing transcription termination signals.
The host bacteria protect their own genomic DNA from these enzymes by methylating these sites. Some...
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Microfluidic On-chip Capture-cycloaddition Reaction to Reversibly Immobilize Small Molecules or Multi-component Structures for Biosensor Applications
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Microfluidic On-chip Capture-cycloaddition Reaction to Reversibly Immobilize Small Molecules or Multi-component Structures for Biosensor Applications

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Immobilized Enzymes in Biosensor Applications.

Hoang Hiep Nguyen1,2, Sun Hyeok Lee3,4, Ui Jin Lee5,6

  • 1BioNanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahangno, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea. nguyenhoanghiep244@gmail.com.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Enzyme biosensors offer sensitive and specific analysis for various applications. This review explores their principles, applications, and methods for improving enzyme use in biosensing technologies.

Keywords:
biosensorenzymeenzyme modificationimmobilizationimmobilized enzyme

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Enzyme-based biosensors are advanced tools for analyzing diverse targets.
  • They offer high sensitivity, specificity, portability, and cost-effectiveness.
  • Miniaturization and point-of-care applications are key advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the operating principles of enzymatic biosensors.
  • To explore their applications in clinical analysis, food safety, and disease monitoring.
  • To discuss methods for enhancing enzyme utility in biosensor development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on enzymatic biosensors.
  • Analysis of electrochemical, optical, thermistor, and piezoelectric detection techniques.
  • Examination of enzyme immobilization and modification strategies.

Main Results:

  • Enzymatic biosensors are versatile for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
  • Various measurement techniques enable diverse applications.
  • Ongoing research focuses on improving enzyme stability and performance.

Conclusions:

  • Enzyme biosensors are crucial for diagnostics and monitoring.
  • Technological advancements continue to expand their capabilities.
  • Further optimization of enzyme components is essential for future development.