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Gulf War Illness: Unifying Hypothesis for a Continuing Health Problem.

Anthony R Mawson1, Ashley M Croft2

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39213, USA. anthony.r.mawson@jsums.edu.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|January 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gulf War Illness (GWI) may stem from impaired liver function due to vaccinations and chemical exposures like pyridostigmine bromide (PB). This leads to toxic levels of vitamin A, causing chronic health issues in veterans.

Keywords:
Gulf War Illnesschemicalscognitionexposuresfatigueheadachemusculoskeletal painpathogenesisretinoidsrisk factorsvaccinesveterans

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Toxicology
  • Veterans' Health

Background:

  • Gulf War Illness (GWI) affects 25%-32% of 1991 Gulf War veterans with chronic, multi-system health problems.
  • Potential GWI causes include neurotoxicants, pyridostigmine bromide (PB) prophylaxis, and vaccinations, though exposures were poorly documented.
  • GWI symptoms overlap with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and multiple chemical sensitivity, all linked to documented liver dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis and chronicity of Gulf War Illness (GWI).
  • To investigate the role of impaired liver function and subsequent retinoid spillage as a potential mechanism for GWI.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of potential GWI etiological factors.
  • Formulation of a hypothesis linking vaccinations, chemical exposures (PB), and liver dysfunction to GWI.
  • Exploration of the proposed mechanism involving endogenous hypervitaminosis A.

Main Results:

  • A hypothesis is proposed where GWI results from chemically-induced liver dysfunction.
  • This dysfunction leads to the release of toxic concentrations of vitamin A (retinoids) into circulation.
  • This mechanism suggests an endogenous, chronic hypervitaminosis A as the basis for GWI symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple vaccinations combined with exposures to pyridostigmine bromide (PB) or other liver-damaging chemicals may explain GWI.
  • Chemically-induced liver impairment leading to retinoid spillage is a plausible unifying mechanism for GWI.
  • This hypothesis offers a potential explanation for the chronic and multi-system nature of Gulf War Illness.