Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

1.1K
Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
1.1K
Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

50.1K
A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
50.1K
Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.1K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.1K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.1K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.1K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.1K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.1K
Fast Fourier Transform01:10

Fast Fourier Transform

941
The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is a computational algorithm designed to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) efficiently. By breaking down the calculations into smaller, manageable sections, the FFT significantly reduces the computational complexity involved. Direct computation of an N-point DFT requires N2 complex multiplications, whereas the FFT algorithm needs only (N/2)log⁡2N multiplications, offering a much faster performance.
The computational efficiency of the FFT becomes...
941

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The gut microbiota directs vitamin A flux to regulate intestinal T cell development.

Cell host & microbe·2026
Same author

<i>Salmonella</i> lipopolysaccharide stimulates uptake of long-chain fatty acids in the small intestine.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Bile acid chemosensation in mammals supports species and gut microbiome evaluation.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Combination Guselkumab and Secukinumab for Plaque Psoriasis.

Cutis·2026
Same author

Open Versus Hybrid and Total Minimally Invasive Transthoracic Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy Following Neoadjuvant FLOT Chemotherapy: An Australian and New Zealand Cohort Study.

World journal of surgery·2026
Same author

Peroxisome-derived ether lipids regulate lysosomal exocytosis.

The EMBO journal·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis
06:48

On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis

Published on: May 31, 2020

6.3K

Three-phase liquid extraction: a simple and fast method for lipidomic workflows.

Gonçalo Vale1, Sarah A Martin2, Matthew A Mitsche3

  • 1Center for Human Nutrition University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390 goncalovale@gmail.com jeffrey.mcdonald@utsouthwestern.edu.

Journal of Lipid Research
|January 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel three-phase lipid extraction (3PLE) method simplifies lipid analysis by separating lipids by polarity in a single step. This technique improves lipid identification and quantification in mass spectrometry workflows.

Keywords:
chemistrydirect infusionfatty acidsgas chromatographylipidsliquid chromatographymass spectrometryphospholipidstriglyceride

More Related Videos

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample
11:17

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

36.6K
A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

15.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis
06:48

On-Site Sampling and Extraction of Brain Tumors for Metabolomics and Lipidomics Analysis

Published on: May 31, 2020

6.3K
A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample
11:17

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

36.6K
A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites
13:35

A Convenient Method for Extraction and Analysis with High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography of Catecholamine Neurotransmitters and Their Metabolites

Published on: March 1, 2018

15.3K

Area of Science:

  • Lipidomics
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Effective lipid extraction is crucial for accurate lipidomics.
  • Existing methods can be complex and introduce contaminants.
  • Unbiased sample preparation is essential for mass spectrometry (MS) workflows.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel three-phase lipid extraction (3PLE) technique.
  • To enable simultaneous lipid extraction and fractionation by polarity.
  • To overcome limitations of current lipid extraction methods.

Main Methods:

  • A single-step, three-phase liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method.
  • Utilized aqueous and two organic phases for lipid partitioning.
  • Confirmed lipid distribution using thin-layer chromatography, radioactive labeling, and MS.

Main Results:

  • 3PLE successfully extracted and fractionated lipids from various biological samples.
  • Demonstrated reduced ion suppression and increased lipid species identification in direct-infusion MS.
  • Enhanced signal intensity for low-abundance lipids (e.g., phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine) in LC/MS.
  • Enabled separate profiling of neutral and polar fatty acids by GC/MS.

Conclusions:

  • 3PLE offers a significant advantage over traditional Bligh/Dyer LLE.
  • The technique provides efficient lipid extraction and polarity-based fractionation.
  • 3PLE enhances lipidomic analysis by improving MS sensitivity and scope.