Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026
09:32
Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
Published on: April 11, 2018
10.3K
Sex differences in ACL loading and strain during typical athletic movements: a musculoskeletal simulation analysis
Jonathan Sinclair1, Darrell Brooks2, Philip Stainton3
1Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE, UK. jksinclair@uclan.ac.uk.
European Journal of Applied Physiology
|January 6, 2019
Summary
Female athletes experience higher anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) forces and strains during hopping compared to males. This study investigated sex differences in ACL loading during athletic movements.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Female athletes have a higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries compared to males.
- The underlying biomechanical mechanisms contributing to this sex disparity are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex differences in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) loading during cutting and hopping movements.
- To utilize a musculoskeletal simulation approach to analyze ACL forces and strains.
Main Methods:
- Fifteen male and fifteen female athletes performed 45° cut and one-legged hop movements.
- Three-dimensional motion capture and ground reaction force data were collected.
- A musculoskeletal model was used to extract lower extremity muscle forces, ACL forces, and ACL strains.
Main Results:
- Females exhibited significantly greater peak ACL forces and strains during the hop movement.
- Males showed a significantly larger soleus/gastrocnemius muscle activation ratio during both cut and hop movements.
- These findings suggest distinct biomechanical loading patterns between sexes during athletic tasks.
Conclusions:
- This study provides novel insights into sex-specific biomechanical differences during athletic movements.
- The results contribute to understanding the increased risk of ACL injuries in female athletes.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Normal Strain under Axial Loading
1.2K
Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
1.2K
01:29Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain
620
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
620
01:14Bending of Curved Members - Strain Analysis
524
The mechanics of deformation in curved members, such as beams or arches, under bending moments, involve complex responses. When such a member, symmetric about the y-axis and shaped like a segment of a circle centered at point C, is subjected to equal and opposite forces, its curvature and surface lengths change significantly. This alteration results in the shift of the curvature's center from C to C', indicating a tighter curve.
The important part of bending analysis for such a member...
The important part of bending analysis for such a member...
524
01:30Typical Model Studies
634
Fluid mechanics model studies often utilize scaled-down systems to predict fluid behavior in full-scale environments, such as river flows, dam spillways, and structures interacting with open surfaces. Maintaining Froude number similarity in river models is crucial, as it replicates surface flow features like wave patterns and velocities.
634
01:22Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management
641
Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
641
01:43Sex-linked Disorders
108.7K
Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
108.7K