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Current pharmaceutical developments in atopic dermatitis

Laurent Misery1, Flavien Huet1, Olivier Gouin2

  • 1University of Brest, LIEN, F-29200 Brest, France; University Hospital of Brest, Department of Dermatology, Brest, France.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|January 6, 2019
PubMed

Insights

New treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) are emerging, targeting cytokines and neurotransmitters. While cytokine antagonists and JAK inhibitors show promise for itch relief, placebo effects complicate evaluating other treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology and neurobiology research
  • Dermatology and atopic diseases
  • Pharmacological research

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition often starting in childhood.
  • AD frequently co-occurs with asthma and allergic rhino-conjunctivitis.
  • Recent advances mirror the treatment evolution seen in psoriasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging treatments for atopic dermatitis.
  • To highlight novel therapeutic targets including cytokines and neurotransmitters.
  • To assess the efficacy of new AD treatments, particularly for pruritus.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current immunological and neurobiological research in AD.
  • Analysis of ongoing clinical trials for novel AD therapeutics.
  • Evaluation of drug targets such as cytokines (IL-4, IL-13, IL-31, TSLP), neurotransmitters, phosphodiesterase-4, and Jak/Stat pathways.

Main Results:

  • Several novel treatments targeting specific cytokines and neurotransmitter pathways are under development.
  • Cytokine antagonists and JAK inhibitors demonstrate significant efficacy in reducing pruritus.
  • Distinguishing drug effects from placebo is challenging for some treatments due to high placebo response in itch.

Conclusions:

  • A new era of targeted therapies for atopic dermatitis is approaching.
  • Emerging treatments offer potential for improved management of AD, especially concerning itch.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the efficacy of various new drug classes in AD treatment.

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