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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Circulation01:21

Coronary Circulation

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The heart, an organ critical to survival, gets nourishment not from the blood it pumps but from a separate circulation system known as coronary circulation. This is the shortest circulation in the body and is responsible for supplying the heart with the nutrients it needs to function effectively.
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According to Raoult’s law, the partial vapor pressure of a solvent in a solution is equal or identical to the vapor pressure of the pure solvent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution. However, Raoult's Law is only valid for ideal solutions. For a solution to be ideal, the solvent-solute interaction must be just as strong as a solvent-solvent or solute-solute interaction. This suggests that both the solute and the solvent would use the same amount of energy to escape to the...
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General Properties of Solutions

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Many common substances around us exist as a solution, such as ocean water, air, and gasoline. All solutions are mixtures of substances that are composed of varying amounts of two or more types of atoms or molecules. A mixture with a non-uniform composition is a heterogeneous mixture, whereas a mixture with a uniform composition is a homogeneous mixture. The components that make the homogeneous mixture are evenly spread out and thoroughly mixed. 
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There is no one solvent that can dissolve every type of solute. Some substances that readily dissolve in a certain solvent might be insoluble in a different solvent. A simple way to predict which substances dissolve in which solvent is the phrase "like dissolves like". This means that polar substances, such as salt and sugar, dissolve in a polar substance like water. In contrast, non-polar substances are more soluble in non-polar solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
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Enthalpy of Solution

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There are two criteria that favor, but do not guarantee, the spontaneous formation of a solution:
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Standard Solutions01:14

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Standard solutions refer to solutions with a precisely known concentration or composition. A primary standard is a highly pure, high molar mass, stable substance that is entirely soluble in water, the most commonly used solvent in analytical chemistry. The primary standard solution can be used to standardize secondary standards, which are substances with known concentrations but are less pure and stable. Standard solutions are essential for achieving accurate and reliable results in analytical...
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

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Challenging Aorto-Coronary Occlusion: Which Solution?

Giovanni Lorenzoni1, Pierluigi Merella, Gavino Casu

  • 1Ospedale San Francesco, Unità Operativa Complessa di Cardiologia, via Mannironi 1, Nuoro, Italy. giovannilorenzoni@alice.it.

The Journal of Invasive Cardiology
|January 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel microcatheter technique for emergent treatment of difficult aorto-coronary occlusions. The method successfully opened calcific lesions using an anterograde approach, offering a new emergent intervention strategy.

Keywords:
acute coronary syndromeaorto-coronary occlusioncardiac imagingmicrocatheter

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Area of Science:

  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Aorto-coronary occlusions present significant treatment challenges, particularly during emergencies.
  • Existing methods often struggle with complex, calcific lesions in emergent scenarios.

Observation:

  • A novel application of a microcatheter was employed.
  • The microcatheter was utilized to directly open, rather than support a guidewire, a calcific aorto-coronary occlusion.

Findings:

  • This represents the first reported use of a microcatheter for direct opening of aorto-coronary calcific occlusions.
  • The anterograde approach was successfully applied in an emergent setting.

Implications:

  • This technique offers a potential new therapeutic option for emergent aorto-coronary occlusions.
  • Further research may explore the broader applicability and long-term outcomes of this microcatheter-based intervention.