Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Transvenous embolization of thalamic arteriovenous malformation under transient cardiac standstill
Leonardo Rangel-Castilla1, Hussain Shallwani2, Adnan H Siddiqui2,3
11Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and.
Abstract:
Transvenous embolization (TE) has been increasingly applied for arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treatment. Transient cardiac standstill (TCS) has been described in cerebrovascular surgery but is uncommon for endovascular embolization. The authors present a patient with a ruptured thalamic AVM in whom both techniques were applied simultaneously. Surgery was considered, but the patient refused. Transarterial embolization was performed with an incomplete result. The deep-seated draining vein provided sole access to the AVM. A microcatheter was advanced into the draining vein. Under TCS, achieved with rapid ventricular pacing, complete AVM embolization was obtained. One-year magnetic resonance imaging and cerebral angiography demonstrated no residual AVM.The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/CAzb9md_xBU.
Related Concept Videos
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction
Series R—L Circuit Transients
Using Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) to analyze this circuit helps determine the total asymmetrical fault current, which consists...
Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management
Transient and Steady-state Response
These test signals are integral in designing control systems to exhibit two key performance aspects: transient response and steady-state...
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...

