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Area of Science:

  • Human physiology
  • Environmental adaptation
  • Thermoregulation

Background:

  • The precise position and shape of the human thermoneutral zone (TNZ) are not well-defined.
  • Factors like age, body composition, and acclimatization may influence an individual's TNZ.
  • Existing assessments of the TNZ often rely on static conditions, potentially not reflecting dynamic physiological responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the individual metabolic TNZ under dynamic thermal conditions.
  • To determine the metabolic lower critical temperature (LCT) and upper critical temperature (UCT) in humans.
  • To evaluate the impact of passive mild heat acclimation (PMHA) on the human metabolic TNZ.

Main Methods:

  • A dynamic protocol involving gradual temperature increases (UP) and decreases (DOWN) from a thermoneutral baseline.
  • Measurements of energy expenditure, body temperatures, and heart rate during thermal challenges.
  • Comparison of TNZ parameters before and after a 7-day PMHA intervention in healthy male participants.

Main Results:

  • Dynamically assessed LCTs were considerably lower than the commonly assumed 28°C, averaging 23.3°C pre-PMHA and 23.4°C post-PMHA.
  • Significant inter-individual variability in dynamic LCT was observed.
  • PMHA did not significantly alter LCT but led to a decrease in core body temperature and influenced skin temperature distribution.
  • Distinct metabolic UCTs were not identified in humans under the tested conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully determined individual dynamic LCTs, revealing them to be lower and more variable than previously thought.
  • Passive mild heat acclimation influences core body temperature regulation but does not significantly shift the LCT.
  • Further research incorporating evaporative heat loss is needed to fully characterize the human UCT.