Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

48.1K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
48.1K
Genomics02:02

Genomics

40.6K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
40.6K
Role of Affect in Interpersonal Attraction01:24

Role of Affect in Interpersonal Attraction

222
Affect plays a crucial role in shaping interpersonal evaluations and perceptions. Emotions influence how individuals judge and respond to others, often determining whether interactions are viewed positively or negatively. This effect can manifest directly through interactions with the person in question or indirectly via associations with unrelated emotional experiences.Direct Effects of Affect on AttractionAffect directly influences interpersonal attraction when a person’s behavior...
222
The Influence of Affect on Cognition01:29

The Influence of Affect on Cognition

281
Positive affect significantly influences cognitive processes, including evaluation, memory, creativity, and social judgments. Compared to negative affect, positive emotional states promote more favorable interpretations of stimuli, cognitive flexibility, and heuristic processing. These effects highlight emotions' powerful role in shaping how individuals perceive, remember, and interact with the world.Influence on Evaluation and AttributionWhen individuals experience positive affect, they are...
281
The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

212
Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be...
212
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

9.1K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The NBER Orange Book Dataset: A user's guide.

Research policy·2023
Same author

How Do Patents Affect Follow-On Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome.

The American economic review·2019
Same author

How do patents affect research investments?

Annual review of economics·2017
Same author

PATENTS AND RESEARCH INVESTMENTS: ASSESSING THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE.

The American economic review·2016
Same author

Intellectual property rights and innovation: Evidence from the human genome.

The journal of political economy·2014
Same author

Intellectual property. Drug patents at the Supreme Court.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2013
Same journal

Investing in the Next Generation: The Long-Run Impacts of a Liquidity Shock.

The American economic review·2026
Same journal

When a Doctor Falls from the Sky: The Impact of Easing Doctor Supply Constraints on Mortality.

The American economic review·2026
Same journal

Making Bricks from Straw: Resources and Productivity in Health Care.

The American economic review·2026
Same journal

A Signal to End Child Marriage: Theory and Experimental Evidence from Bangladesh<sup>†</sup>.

The American economic review·2025
Same journal

Worth Your Weight: Experimental Evidence on the Benefits of Obesity in Low-Income Countries.

The American economic review·2025
Same journal

Is There a VA Advantage? Evidence from Dually Eligible Veterans.

The American economic review·2025
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.4K

How Do Patents Affect Follow-on Innovation? Evidence from the Human Genome.

Bhaven Sampat1, Heidi L Williams2

  • 1Columbia and NBER.

The American Economic Review
|January 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gene patents have not significantly impacted scientific research or product development. Analysis of patent data reveals that patented genes were already valuable, but gene patenting itself did not hinder follow-on innovation.

More Related Videos

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

21.3K
Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats
05:37

Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats

Published on: May 8, 2018

41.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 31, 2026

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups
14:14

The Innovation Arena: A Method for Comparing Innovative Problem-Solving Across Groups

Published on: May 13, 2022

6.4K
In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio
12:31

In Vivo Modeling of the Morbid Human Genome using Danio rerio

Published on: August 24, 2013

21.3K
Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats
05:37

Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats

Published on: May 8, 2018

41.9K

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Intellectual Property Law
  • Health Economics

Background:

  • Patents on human genes raise concerns about their impact on scientific research and commercial product development.
  • Understanding the effects of gene patenting is crucial for innovation policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of human gene patents on subsequent scientific research and product development.
  • To analyze the relationship between gene patenting and innovation outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized administrative data from the US Patent and Trademark Office on gene patent applications.
  • Linked gene sequences from patent applications to data on follow-on scientific research and commercial investments.
  • Employed quasi-experimental approaches to assess the impact of gene patents.

Main Results:

  • Identified evidence of selection bias: genes patented were likely more valuable prior to patenting.
  • Found that, on average, gene patents did not quantitatively affect follow-on innovation.
  • Demonstrated no significant negative impact of gene patents on research and development.

Conclusions:

  • Gene patenting does not appear to be a significant barrier to follow-on scientific research or product development.
  • The value of genes is established before patenting, suggesting patentability does not solely drive innovation.
  • Policy implications suggest that gene patents may coexist with robust innovation in the life sciences.