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Related Concept Videos

Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Relative Velocity in One Dimension01:10

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The understanding of the concept of reference frames is essential to discuss relative motion in one or more dimensions. When we say that an object has a certain velocity, we must state the velocity with respect to a given reference frame. In most examples, this reference frame has been Earth. For instance, if a statement reads that a person is sitting in a train moving at 10 m/s east, then it implies that the person on the train is moving relative to the surface of Earth at this velocity,...
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Relative Frequency Histogram01:14

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The relative frequency depicts the proportion of data points that have each value. The frequency tells the number of data points that have each value. Like the histogram, a relative frequency histogram also has the same shape with a horizontal scale (the x-axis), but the vertical scale (the y-axis) is marked with relative frequencies (percentages of the whole) instead of actual frequencies. A relative frequency histogram is a graphical representation of a frequency distribution where the...
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Relative Velocity in Two Dimensions01:11

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Relative velocity is the velocity of an object as observed from a particular reference frame, or the velocity of one reference frame with respect to another reference frame. The concept of relative velocity can be used to describe motion in two dimensions. Consider a particle P and two reference frames S and S′. The position of the origin of S′ as measured in S is , the position of P as measured in S′ is , and the position of P as measured in S is , which can be evaluated by utilizing...
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Relative Frequency Distribution00:55

Relative Frequency Distribution

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A relative frequency distribution is the proportion or fraction of times a value occurs in a data set. To find the relative frequencies, one can divide each frequency by the total number of data points in the sample. It is very similar to a regular frequency distribution, except that instead of reporting how many data values fall in a class, a relative frequency distribution reports the fraction of data values that fall in a class. These fractions or proportions are called relative frequencies...
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Relative Stabilities of Alkenes01:59

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The relative stability of alkenes can be determined by comparing their heats of hydrogenation. The lower heat of hydrogenation indicates the more stable alkene.  The three main factors determining the relative stability of alkenes are i) the number of substituents attached to the double-bond carbon atoms, ii) hyperconjugation, and iii) the stereochemistry of the double bond.
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Computerized Adaptive Testing System of Functional Assessment of Stroke
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Testing general relativity in cosmology.

Mustapha Ishak1

  • 1Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080 USA.

Living Reviews in Relativity
|January 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores testing general relativity (GR) on cosmic scales, examining modified gravity theories and their constraints. It provides an entry point for researchers into this rapidly growing field of cosmology.

Keywords:
Cosmological testsGravitational wavesModified gravityPost-Friedmann limitTests of relativistic gravityTheories of gravity

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Area of Science:

  • Cosmology
  • Gravitational Physics

Background:

  • The study of cosmic acceleration and dark energy has driven research into testing general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales.
  • Precision cosmology now motivates independent tests of gravitational physics on cosmic scales.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent developments and results in testing general relativity at cosmological scales.
  • To provide an overview of cosmological probes, formalisms, and parameterizations for testing deviations from GR.
  • To offer an entry point for students and researchers into the field of modified gravity.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of cosmological probes of gravity.
  • Examination of formalisms and parameterizations for testing deviations from GR.
  • Summary of selected modified gravity (MG) theories and gravitational screening mechanisms.
  • Inclusion of computer codes developed for these tests.

Main Results:

  • Summaries of recent cosmological constraints on modified gravity parameters and models.
  • Implications from recent binary neutron star merger events.
  • Forecasts for modified gravity parameters, considering astrophysical systematics.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides a comprehensive picture of testing gravity at cosmological scales.
  • It serves as a reference for recent results and constraints in the field.
  • It aims to facilitate entry for new researchers and students.