Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 31, 2026
07:45
A Cell Free Assay System Estimating the Neutralizing Capacity of GM-CSF Antibody using Recombinant Soluble GM-CSF Receptor
Published on: June 27, 2011
13.0K
Interdural high signal on CISS sequence: an alternative CSF pathway?
Satoshi Tsutsumi1, Hideo Ono2, Hisato Ishii3
1Department of Neurological Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, 2-1-1 Tomioka, Urayasu, Chiba, 279-0021, Japan. shotaro@juntendo-urayasu.jp.
Summary
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed interdural spaces in the falx cerebri and tentorial notch, potentially serving as alternative cerebrospinal fluid pathways. The constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) sequence effectively visualizes these spaces.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Anatomy
- Radiology
Background:
- The falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and tentorial notch have a unique two-layered dural structure protruding into the cranial cavity.
- Limited research exists on the neuroimaging of these specific dural morphologies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the morphology of the falx cerebri, falx cerebelli, and tentorial notch using magnetic resonance imaging.
- To explore the potential interdural spaces within these cranial dural structures.
Main Methods:
- Sixty-five outpatients underwent conventional MRI sequences.
- Thin-sliced, coronal constructive interference in steady-state (CISS) sequences were acquired.
Main Results:
- High-signal interdural spaces were identified in the falx cerebri in 78% of subjects and in the tentorial notch in 52%.
- These spaces were associated with the superior sagittal sinus and tapered where dural leaves united.
- Dural openings into the cerebral cistern were observed in 41% of patients; no such spaces were found in the tentorium cerebelli.
Conclusions:
- Interdural spaces in the falx cerebri and tentorial notch may represent alternative cerebrospinal fluid pathways.
- Coronal CISS sequences are well-suited for visualizing these interdural spaces.
Related Concept Videos
03:14Notch Signaling Pathway
6.6K
The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not...
6.6K
02:33Hedgehog Signaling Pathway
10.1K
The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
10.1K
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
7.3K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.3K
01:41Non-Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathways
8.4K
Wnt is a zygotic effect gene that is expressed during very early embryonic development. It regulates various processes in animals starting from early development through the adult stage, such as organogenesis in the embryo and maintenance of neuronal and blood stem cells. Wnt proteins can induce a wide variety of intracellular pathways depending upon the specific abilities of different Wnt ligands to form a complex with shared and cognate receptors in the presence of different co-receptors. The...
8.4K
02:54Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway
10.6K
The gene encoding the main signaling molecules of the Wnt signaling pathways (the Wnt proteins) was discovered almost four decades ago by Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus. They identified and originally named the gene "wingless" (wg) after a phenotype discovered during their landmark genetic screen in Drosophila for body pattern defects. At around the same time, another researcher named Harold Varmus found that a murine tumor virus activates the mammalian wg homolog, Int-1, which...
10.6K
02:26NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway
10.0K
The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The...
10.0K