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Rotavirus VP6 as a potential vaccine candidate

Atefeh Afchangi1, Somayeh Jalilvand1, Nasir Mohajel2

  • 1Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|January 8, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Group A rotavirus (RVA) causes significant childhood illness and death globally. This review explores the potential of the VP6 protein as a basis for next-generation RVA vaccines, addressing limitations of current options.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Group A rotavirus (RVA) infection is nearly universal in children by age five, causing substantial global morbidity and mortality.
  • Current live attenuated RVA vaccines (Rotarix, RotaTeq) reduce mortality by up to 50% but exhibit reduced efficacy in certain regions.
  • The need for more effective RVA vaccines, particularly for developing countries, is critical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of the VP6 protein of RVA.
  • To evaluate the potential of VP6 as a target for developing next-generation RVA vaccines.
  • To discuss the immunogenicity and protective capabilities of VP6-based vaccine candidates.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on RVA virology, immunology, and vaccine development.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the VP6 protein's antigenic and immunogenic properties.
  • Evaluation of research on VP6-based vaccine candidates and their efficacy.

Main Results:

  • VP6 is a highly abundant and conserved RVA protein forming the viral capsid's middle layer.
  • VP6 elicits both homologous and cross-reactive immune responses, although not typically neutralizing antibodies.
  • VP6 preparations have demonstrated partial protection against RVA replication in experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • VP6 protein holds promise as a key component for alternative RVA vaccine development.
  • Further research into VP6-based vaccines is warranted to overcome limitations of existing RVA vaccines.
  • VP6-based strategies may offer a viable path toward improved RVA disease prevention, especially in underperforming regions.

Keywords:
VP6rotavirusvaccine

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