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Genomic multipotentiality of differentiated somatic cells.

M A DiBerardino¹

¹Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.

Cell Differentiation and Development : the Official Journal of the International Society of Developmental Biologists

|November 1, 1988

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Somatic cell nuclear transfer into amphibian eggs can reprogram differentiated cell genomes. This process supports the development of tadpoles, suggesting remaining genetic totipotency in some somatic cells.

Area of Science:

Developmental biology
Cell biology
Genetics

Background:

Differentiated somatic cells were traditionally considered to have limited developmental potential.
Nuclear transplantation techniques offer a method to assess the developmental capacity of somatic cell genomes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the developmental potential of differentiated somatic cell nuclei following transplantation into amphibian oocytes.
To determine if the amphibian somatic cell genome retains the necessary genetic information for complete organismal development.

Main Methods:

Nuclear transplantation of differentiated somatic cells into enucleated amphibian oocytes and eggs.
Monitoring the developmental progression of the reconstructed embryos.

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Main Results:

Nuclear transplantation supported the development of prefeeding tadpoles from various somatic cell types.
Erythrocyte nuclei successfully directed the development of feeding tadpoles, reaching larval stages with hind limb buds.
Demonstrated widespread genomic activation and the capacity to specify diverse cell types.

Conclusions:

The amphibian somatic cell genome contains genes essential for complete tadpole development.
Genetic totipotency, the ability of a single cell to divide and differentiate into a whole organism, remains a plausible hypothesis for certain differentiated somatic cells.
These findings challenge traditional views on cellular differentiation and open avenues for understanding genomic plasticity.