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Related Concept Videos

Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

198.3K
In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

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One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
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Regulated mRNA Transport02:22

Regulated mRNA Transport

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In eukaryotes, transcription and translation are compartmentalized; an mRNA is first synthesized in the nucleus and then selectively transported to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. Before transport, a pre-mRNA undergoes several steps of post-transcriptional modifications including splicing, 5' capping, and the addition of a poly-adenine tail. Various proteins bind to the pre-mRNA during these modifications. The mRNA transport takes place with the help of multiple proteins playing...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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Phloem and Sugar Transport02:02

Phloem and Sugar Transport

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Like many living organisms, plants have tissues that specialize in specific plant functions. For example, shoots are well adapted to rapid growth, while roots are structured to acquire resources efficiently. However, sugar production is primarily restricted to the photosynthetic cells that reside in the leaves of angiosperm plants. Sugar and other resources are transported from photosynthetic tissues to other specialized tissues by a process called translocation.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Cellular Zinc Regulation Through ZnT1 Functionality
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Interhospital ECMO Transport: Regional Focus.

Desiree Bonadonna1, Yaron D Barac2, David N Ranney2

  • 1Duke University Medical Center, Perfusion Services, Durham, North Carolina.

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|January 8, 2019
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Summary

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) centers can improve patient access by establishing mobile services. This guide details how experienced centers can create safe, efficient interfacility transport programs for complex ECMO cases.

Keywords:
Critical careECMOHospital systemsTransport

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Thoracic Surgery

Background:

  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) utilization has surged, yet access remains limited at many medical centers.
  • Managing complex ECMO patients requires specialized resources often unavailable regionally.
  • Establishing robust regional ECMO networks is crucial for equitable access to this life-saving therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the essential components and methodologies for developing and operating successful mobile ECMO services.
  • To provide a practical framework for ECMO centers of excellence to partner with regional facilities.
  • To enhance the infrastructure for regional ECMO care, increasing access for critically ill patients.

Main Methods:

  • Describing the operational elements of a high-volume, tertiary ECMO center's mobile services.
  • Detailing the mechanisms for safe and efficient interfacility transport of ECMO patients.
  • Leveraging the experience of a leading ECMO center in the Southeastern United States.

Main Results:

  • The document details the practical aspects of establishing and running a mobile ECMO program.
  • It provides a blueprint for interfacility collaboration in ECMO patient management.
  • The described methods facilitate the expansion of ECMO services to underserved regions.

Conclusions:

  • Successful mobile ECMO services require strategic planning and interfacility partnerships.
  • Experienced ECMO centers play a vital role in extending care through regional collaboration.
  • Implementing these strategies can significantly improve access to critical ECMO interventions.