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Fatty liver in dairy cows.

T H Herdt1

  • 1American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|July 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Peripartum fatty liver disease is common in dairy cows, impacting health and reproduction. Prevention through proper dry cow nutrition is more effective than treating established cases.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Science
  • Ruminant Nutrition

Background:

  • Peripartum fatty liver is common in dairy cows, often normal to a degree.
  • Severe cases lead to increased illness, death, and reduced fertility.
  • Fatty liver occurs when fat uptake by the liver exceeds its capacity to process lipids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of peripartum fatty liver in dairy cows.
  • To emphasize the importance of nutritional management for prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on dairy cow peripartum liver lipid metabolism.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods, including needle biopsy and specific gravity assessment.
  • Analysis of treatment and prevention strategies.

Main Results:

  • Hepatic lipid accumulation often begins before calving, linked to elevated non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA).
  • Standard liver function tests are insensitive except in severe cases.
  • Liver fat concentration >35% by weight indicates a poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Prevention through optimal dry cow nutrition is key.
  • Maintaining moderate body condition and providing adequate energy prevents excessive fat mobilization.
  • Avoid free-choice high-energy feeds during late lactation and the dry period.

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