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Concreting at elevated temperatures accelerates the hydration process, leading to quicker setting but potentially reducing the long-term strength of the concrete structure. Additionally, low air humidity fosters rapid moisture loss from the concrete, resulting in reduced workability, pronounced plastic shrinkage, and a higher likelihood of crazing.
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Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics
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Hot Holes Assist Plasmonic Nanoelectrode Dissolution.

Alexander Al-Zubeidi, Benjamin S Hoener, Sean S E Collins

    Nano Letters
    |January 9, 2019
    PubMed
    Summary

    Photogenerated hot holes drive the oxidative dissolution of gold nanorods, enhancing photocatalysis. Understanding these hot-carrier dynamics is crucial for designing efficient plasmonic photocatalysts.

    Keywords:
    Nanoantennaelectrodissolutionhot carrier dynamicsinterband transitionsphotocatalysissnapshot hyperspectral imaging

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    Area of Science:

    • Plasmonics
    • Photocatalysis
    • Nanomaterials Science

    Background:

    • Plasmonic metal nanoparticles act as antennas for photocatalysis by absorbing light.
    • Efficient photocatalysis requires harnessing hot charge carriers before they decay.
    • Understanding charge carrier dynamics is key to optimizing plasmonic photocatalyst performance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of photogenerated hot holes in the oxidative dissolution of gold nanorods.
    • To resolve the dynamics of hot holes with millisecond time resolution.
    • To differentiate the contributions of various hot hole populations to photooxidation.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing snapshot hyperspectral imaging to monitor individual gold nanorods.
    • Tuning charge-carrier density and photon energy to study hot hole effects.
    • Employing time-resolved measurements with millisecond resolution.

    Main Results:

    • Light-induced hot charge carriers significantly enhance the rate of gold oxidation and electrodissolution.
    • Demonstrated distinct contributions of interband transition-generated hot holes versus Fermi-level hot holes to photooxidative dissolution.
    • Observed millisecond-timescale dynamics of hot hole-driven processes.

    Conclusions:

    • Hot holes play a critical role in the photooxidative dissolution of plasmonic gold nanorods.
    • Results offer new insights into hot-hole-driven processes relevant to photocatalysis.
    • Highlights the necessity of statistical descriptions for nonequilibrium processes on heterogeneous nanoparticle surfaces.