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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
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Compounds Essential to Human Function01:25

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The human body is composed of cells that are fundamentally made up of several different molecules. These molecules are essential to carry out all physiological processes in the body and are broadly classified into organic and inorganic based on their chemical structures.
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The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
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ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

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In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
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Dissection of Human Retina and RPE-Choroid for Proteomic Analysis
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Functional pathways associated with human carotid atheroma: a proteomics analysis.

Ali Nehme1,2, Firas Kobeissy3, Jingfu Zhao4

  • 1EA4173, Functional genomics of arterial hypertension, UCBL-1, Villeurbanne, France.

Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension
|January 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study used mass spectrometry to find key protein differences in atherosclerosis progression. Identifying these proteins and their regulators offers new therapeutic targets for treating advanced cardiovascular disease.

Keywords:
AtherosclerosisCarotid arteryProteomeTranscription regulatorsTranscriptome

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms driving atherosclerosis progression is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Large-scale proteomic and transcriptomic analyses provide powerful tools for dissecting complex disease pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differentially expressed proteins between early and advanced atherosclerotic lesions.
  • To compare proteomic findings with transcriptomic data and identify key regulatory pathways.
  • To uncover potential therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • High-throughput mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze proteins from carotid endarterectomy samples.
  • Differentially expressed proteins were validated using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM).
  • Systems biology, enrichment analyses, and comparisons with transcriptomic data were performed.

Main Results:

  • 95 proteins were upregulated and 117 downregulated in advanced lesions (p < 0.05).
  • Upregulated proteins are linked to proatherogenic processes; downregulated proteins to extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton.
  • Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) emerged as a highly connected upstream regulator.

Conclusions:

  • This research deciphers altered molecular pathways in atherosclerosis progression.
  • Identified proteins and upstream regulators, like TGF-β, represent potential therapeutic targets.
  • The study highlights the interplay between mRNA and protein expression in disease development.